Abstract: A method analyzes physical transport in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) having three adjacent layers L1, L2, L3, each with a distinct porous structure. A first small scale multiphase simulation S1 of a first portion of the L1/L2 interface is used to characterize the L1/L2 interface. The S1 results are statistically extended to a larger second portion of the L1/L2 interface. The statistically extended L1/L2 interface is used as a boundary condition for a second multiphase simulation S2 to characterize the L2/L3 interface. S1 is repeated using the characterized L2/L3 interface as a boundary condition. S1 and S2 respectively simulate of one or more of momentum, energy, species, and charge transport across the L1/L2 and L2/L3 interface.

Abstract: Processes for producing products from crude oil include separating the crude oil into at least a lesser boiling point fraction and a greater boiling point fraction and passing the fractions to a reactor system that includes a riser section and a downer section. An outer boundary of the downer section is defined by a first wall in a plane perpendicular to a central axis, and outer boundaries of the riser section are defined by the first wall and a second wall in the plane perpendicular to the central axis. In an alternate arrangement, an outer boundary of the riser section is defined by a first wall in a plane perpendicular to a central axis, and outer boundaries of the downer section are defined by the first wall and a second wall in the plane perpendicular to the central axis. The process includes cracking the lesser boiling point fraction in the riser section in the presence of a catalyst and cracking the greater boiling point fraction in the downer reactor in the presence of the catalyst.

Abstract: Techniques including methods, apparatus and computer program products are disclosed. These techniques include computer instructions that are encoded on computer storage media for determining wettability. The techniques use a numerical aging computation process to provide a representation of a wettability alteration of a physical rock sample in the presence of at least two fluids is disclosed. The techniques include retrieving a representation of a physical rock sample, the representation including pore space and grain space data corresponding to the physical rock sample, calculating local curvature for each surface in the pore space, determining from the calculated local curvature whether water-film breakage will occur, and classifying the wettability of the physical rock based on the determination of water-film breakage.

Abstract: Technical equilibrium can be used to measure a single gas isotherm in a relatively fast and continuous manner rather than, for example, in a batch manner. Further, an expansion vessel can be used for successive desorption a multicomponent gas in combination with determining the composition of the multicomponent gas in combination with a calculation that provides both qualitative and quantitative information about the multicomponent gas. Moreover, a multicomponent gas can be flowed through an adsorbent bed and the and the flow of the multicomponent gas flow is shut off and isolated when equilibrium is reached.

Abstract: Petrochemical products may be produced from a hydrocarbon material by a process that may include separating the hydrocarbon material into at least a lesser boiling point fraction and a greater boiling point fraction, cracking the lesser boiling point fraction in a first reactor in the presence of a catalyst at a reaction temperature of from 500° C. to 700° C. to produce a first cracking reaction product, and cracking the greater boiling point fraction in a second reactor in the presence of the catalyst at a reaction temperature of from 500° C. to 700° C. to produce a second cracking reaction product. The hydrocarbon material may be crude oil. The first reactor may be a riser, and the second reactor may be a downer. The catalyst may be passed from the first reactor to the second reactor, from the second reactor to a regenerator, and from the regenerator to the first reactor, such that the catalyst is circulated between the first reactor, second reactor, and regenerator.

Abstract: A micro-controller unit (MCU) for low power IoT and edge computing applications is disclosed. MCU includes instruction fetching module configured to fetch instruction from instruction memory, instruction decoding module configured to decode instruction to obtain decoded instruction, and execution module including first and second execution units and clock gating circuit. Second execution unit is configured to execute instruction types. Execution module is configured to receive instruction from instruction decoding module and execute decoded instruction via particular logic circuit from first logic circuits associated with first execution unit. First logic circuits except the particular logic circuit are turned-off during execution via clock gating circuit.

Abstract: Techniques including methods, apparatus and computer program products are disclosed. These techniques include computer instructions that are encoded on computer storage media for determining wettability. The techniques use a numerical aging computation process to provide a representation of a wettability alteration of a physical rock sample in the presence of at least two fluids is disclosed. The techniques include retrieving a representation of a physical rock sample, the representation including pore space and grain space data corresponding to the physical rock sample, calculating local curvature for each surface in the pore space, determining from the calculated local curvature whether water-film breakage will occur, and classifying the wettability of the physical rock based on the determination of water-film breakage.

Abstract: Provided is a dye-sensitized solar cell in which the energy conversion efficiency is increased by adsorbing two different kinds of dyes to the surface of titanium oxide that constitutes a semiconductor electrode. In a dye-sensitized solar cell including a conductive support, a porous semiconductor layer having sensitizing dyes adsorbed onto this conductive support, a carrier transport layer and a counter electrode, the energy conversion efficiency is increased by adsorbing a mixture of a ruthenium complex, and an organic dye having a different molecular size and exhibiting a high open circuit voltage as a photoelectric conversion characteristic obtainable by the dye alone, onto the porous semiconductor layer.

Abstract: Described herein are D-?-A type sensitizers of the formula (I) or (II) having a novel central ?-conjugated unit di-thiazolyl-benzodiazole and dye-sensitized electrodes including a substrate having an electrically conductive surface, an oxide semiconductor film formed on the conductive surface, and the above sensitizer of formula (I) or (II), as specified above, supported on the film. A solar cell includes the above electrode, a counter electrode, and an electrolyte deposited there between. The sensitizers of formula (I) and (II) efficiently sensitize the semiconductor materials and show a high solar to electricity conversion efficiency.

Abstract: Described herein are D-?-A type sensitizers of the formula (I) or (II) having a novel central ?-conjugated unit di-thiazolyl-benzodiazole and dye-sensitized electrodes including a substrate having an electrically conductive surface, an oxide semiconductor film formed on the conductive surface, and the above sensitizer of formula (I) or (II), as specified above, supported on the film. A solar cell includes the above electrode, a counter electrode, and an electrolyte deposited there between. The sensitizers of formula (I) and (II) efficiently sensitize the semiconductor materials and show a high solar to electricity conversion efficiency.

Abstract: A pyridine type metal complex having a partial structure represented by the formula (I) or (I?): wherein, M is a transition metal atom; Ds, which may be the same or different, respectively represent specific conjugated chains; Rs, which may be the same or different, respectively represent a halogen atom, a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl or heteroaryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or an arylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl group having 7 to 13 carbon atoms which may have a substituent group.

Abstract: A photosensitizer attaining high incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency and having long durability life and a solar cell using the photosensitizer are provided. A solar cell 1 includes: a semiconductor electrode 10 including a substrate 18 having a conductive film 16 formed on its surface and a porous semiconductor layer 20 formed on the substrate 18; a counter electrode 12 including a substrate 30 having a conductive film 28 formed on its surface; and a carrier transport layer 14 including conductive material, posed between the semiconductor electrode 10 and the counter electrode 12. The surface of porous semiconductor layer 20 is caused to carry a light absorber 22 including inorganic material 24 carrying organic molecules 26 each having an aromatic ring.

Abstract: A photosensitizing transition metal complex of the formula (Ia) MLY1, (Ib) MLX3 (Ic) MLY2X, (Id) MLY3X or (Ie) MLY4X in which M is a transition metal selected from ruthenium, osmium, iron, rhenium and technetium, preferably ruthenium or osmium. X is a co-ligand independently selected from NCS—, Cl—, Br—, I—, CN—, H2O; pyridine unsubstituted or substituted by at least one group selected from vinyl, primary, secondary or tertiary amine, OH and C1-30 alkyl, preferably NSC and CN—; L is a tridentate polypyridine ligand, carrying at least one carboxylic, phosphoric acid or a chelating group and one substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamide group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms or substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 7 to 50 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A photosensitizing transition metal complex of the formula (Ia) MLY1, (Ib) MLX3 (Ic) MLY2X, (Id) MLY3X or (Ie) MLY4X in which M is a transition metal selected from ruthenium, osmium, iron, rhenium and technetium, preferably ruthenium or osmium. X is a co-ligand independently selected from NCS—, Cl—, Br—, I—, CN—, H2O; pyridine unsubstituted or substituted by at least one group selected from vinyl, primary, secondary or tertiary amine, OH and C1-30 alkyl, preferably NSC and CN—; L is a tridentate polypyridine ligand, carrying at least one carboxylic, phosphoric acid or a chelating group and one substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamide group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms or substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 7 to 50 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A photosensitizing transition metal complex of the formula (Ia) MLY1, (Ib) MLX3 (Ic) MLY2X, (Id) MLY3X or (Ie) MLY4X in which M is a transition metal selected from ruthenium, osmium, iron, rhenium and technetium, preferably ruthenium or osmium. X is a co-ligand independently selected from NCS—, Cl—, Br—, I—, CN—, H2O; pyridine unsubstituted or substituted by at least one group selected from vinyl, primary, secondary or tertiary amine, OH and C1-30 alkyl, preferably NSC and CN—; L is a tridentate polypyridine ligand, carrying at least one carboxylic, phosphoric acid or a chelating group and one substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamide group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms or substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 7 to 50 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A photosensitizer containing guanidine derivative expressed in General Formula (a) as and a photosensitizer expressed in General Formula (X) as D(m+m?)?(A+)m(A?+)m? or in General Formula (Y) as D(m+m?+n)?(A+)m(A?+)m?(B+)n (where D has a molecular structure capable of absorbing visible light or infrared ray, A and A? represent the guanidine derivative, and B represents an ion other than the guanidine derivative), and a semiconductor electrode and a photoelectric conversion device employing the photosensitizer are provided. A photosensitizer having a novel structure as well as a semiconductor electrode and a photoelectric conversion device employing the photosensitizer are thus provided.

Abstract: A photosensitizer complex of formula (I) MLX2 in which M is a transition metal selected from ruthenium, osmium, iron, rhenium and technetium; each X is a co-ligand independently selected from NCS?, Cl?, Br?, I?, CN?, H2O; pyridine unsubstituted or substituted by at least one group selected from vinyl, primary, secondary or tertiary amine, OH and C1-30 alky, preferably NSC? and CN?. L is a tetradentate polypyridine ligand, carrying at least one carboxylic, phosphoric acid or a chelating group and one substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamide group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms or substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 7 to 50 carbon atoms. A dye-sensitized electrode includes a substrate having an electrically conductive surface, an oxide semiconductor film formed thereon, and the above sensitizer of formula (I) as specified above, supported on the film.

Abstract: A photosensitizing transition metal complex of the formula (Ia) MLY1, (Ib) MLX3 (Ic) MLY2X, (Id) MLY3X or (Ie) MLY4X in which M is a transition metal selected from ruthenium, osmium, iron, rhenium and technetium, preferably ruthenium or osmium. X is a co-ligand independently selected from NCS—, Cl—, Br—, I—, CN—, H2O; pyridine unsubstituted or substituted by at least one group selected from vinyl, primary, secondary or tertiary amine, OH and C1-30 alkyl, preferably NSC and CN—; L is a tridentate polypyridine ligand, carrying at least one carboxylic, phosphoric acid or a chelating group and one substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamide group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms or substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 7 to 50 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A ruthenium complex represented by the following formula: RuL1L2X wherein L1 represents a 2,2′;6′,2″-terpyridine compound having at least one group selected from a carboxyl group, a salt of a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, a salt of a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group and a salt of a phosphoric acid group, L2 represents a diketonate ligand represented by the following formula: wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, perfluoroalkyl and aryl, R3 represents a hydrogen atom, alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, perfluoroalkyl and aryl and X represents a monodentate ligand selected from a halide, a cyano group, a thiocyano group and a thiolate. A dye-sensitized oxide semiconductor electrode includes an electrically conductive body, an oxide semiconductor film provided on a surface of the electrically conductive body, and the above metal complex.

Abstract: A ruthenium complex represented by the following formula: