Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine includes a piston body forming a crown portion and a skirt portion. The skirt portion includes a bore that receives a pin for connecting the piston to a connecting rod, and the crown portion forms a bowl surrounded by a flat crown surface having an annular shape and disposed along a plane. The bowl and the flat crown surface meet along a circular edge surrounding a rim of the bowl. The piston further includes an annular protrusion disposed within the bowl adjacent the rim. The annular protrusion has a generally convex shape in cross section created by an upper, inwardly extending surface and a lower, inwardly extending surface that meet along a convex apex. The piston further includes an airfoil surface formed in the flat crown surface. The airfoil surface has a convex shape and extends annularly around the rim of the bowl.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine includes a piston body forming a crown portion and a skirt portion. The skirt portion includes a bore that receives a pin for connecting the piston to a connecting rod, and the crown portion forms a bowl surrounded by a flat crown surface having an annular shape and disposed along a plane. The bowl and the flat crown surface meet along a circular edge surrounding a rim of the bowl. The piston further includes an annular protrusion disposed within the bowl adjacent the rim. The annular protrusion has a generally convex shape in cross section created by an upper, inwardly extending surface and a lower, inwardly extending surface that meet along a convex apex. The piston further includes an airfoil surface formed in the flat crown surface. The airfoil surface has a convex shape and extends annularly around the rim of the bowl.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine includes a piston body forming a crown portion and a skirt portion. The skirt portion includes a bore that is arranged to receive a pin for connecting the piston to a connecting rod. The crown portion forms a bowl surrounded by a flat crown surface having an annular shape. The bowl and the flat crown surface meet along a circular edge surrounding a rim of the bowl. The piston further includes an annular protrusion disposed within the bowl adjacent the rim. The annular protrusion has a generally convex shape in cross section created by an upper, inwardly extending surface and a lower, inwardly extending surface that meet along a convex apex. The piston further includes a recirculation surface formed within the bowl adjacent the annular protrusion. The recirculation surface meets the lower, inwardly extending surface along an inflection edge.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine includes a piston body forming a crown portion and a skirt portion, the skirt portion including a bore that is arranged to receive a pin for connecting the piston to a connecting rod, the crown portion forming a bowl surrounded by a flat crown surface having an annular shape and disposed along a plane, the bowl and the flat crown surface meeting along a circular edge surrounding a rim of the bowl, and an airfoil surface formed in the flat crown surface, the airfoil surface having a convex shape and extending annularly around the rim of the bowl.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine includes a piston body forming a crown portion and a skirt portion. The skirt portion includes a bore that is arranged to receive a pin for connecting the piston to a connecting rod. The crown portion forms a bowl surrounded by a flat crown surface having an annular shape. The bowl and flat crown surface meet along a circular edge surrounding a rim of the bowl. The piston further includes an annular protrusion disposed within the bowl adjacent the rim. The annular protrusion has a generally convex shape in cross section that is created by an upper, inwardly extending surface and a lower, inwardly extending surface, which meet along a convex apex.

Abstract: A fluid delivery system for supplying fluid to an exhaust stream of a power source is disclosed. The fluid delivery system includes a supply manifold and a plurality of supply exit orifices fluidly linked to the supply manifold to allow the fluid to exit the manifold to the exhaust stream.

Abstract: A method of determining and regulating a mass flow rate exhaust gases recirculated into an engine is disclosed. The method may comprise directing the exhaust gases through a venturi and sensing a differential exhaust pressure across the venturi. The method may further include sensing an absolute exhaust pressure at the venturi, and sensing a temperature of the exhaust gases. The method may further include determining the mass flow rate of the exhaust based on the sensed differential fluid pressure, absolute fluid pressure, and temperature.

Abstract: A fluid delivery system for supplying fluid to an exhaust stream of a power source is disclosed. The fluid delivery system includes a supply manifold and a plurality of supply exit orifices fluidly linked to the supply manifold to allow the fluid to exit the manifold to the exhaust stream.

Abstract: A method of determining and regulating a mass flow rate exhaust gases recirculated into an engine is disclosed. The method may comprise directing the exhaust gases through a venturi and sensing a differential exhaust pressure across the venturi. The method may further include sensing an absolute exhaust pressure at the venturi, and sensing a temperature of the exhaust gases. The method may further include determining the mass flow rate of the exhaust based on the sensed differential fluid pressure, absolute fluid pressure, and temperature.