Abstract: A metal oxide precursor composition includes a metal salt: a first organic solvent having a surface tension of 25 mN/m or less; and a second organic solvent having a boiling point of 100° C. or higher and a solubility parameter of 10 cal1/2 cm?3/2 or greater. The metal salt is soluble in the second organic solvent at a concentration of at least 1 mol/L.

Abstract: A visibility control device includes one or more light sources to provide input light, a waveguiding substrate, which has a first major surface and a second major surface, and a plurality of light-deflecting grooves implemented on at least one major surface of the substrate. The device is arranged to form guided light by coupling the input light into the substrate, The grooves are arranged to form deflected light by coupling the guided light out of the substrate through the second major surface of the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing of a desired pattern of an electrically conducting, semiconducting or insulating material on a substrate. A patterned polymer ink film (22?) is produced out of a semi-dry polymer ink by bringing a three-dimensional relief pattern with a positive image of the desired pattern (25) temporarily into contact with the semi-dry polymer ink film (22) so that portions (22?) of the semi-dry polymer ink film (22) are transferred to the three-dimensional relief pattern (25). The patterned polymer ink film with the negative of the desired pattern (22?) has vertical sidewalls caused by fracturing of the semi-dry polymer ink film (22) with cohesion by the edges of the three-dimensional relief pattern (25) and adhesion between the second portions (22?) of the semi-dry polymer ink film (22) and the three-dimensional relief pattern (25).

Abstract: A visibility control device includes one or more light sources to provide input light, a waveguiding substrate, which has a first major surface and a second major surface, and a plurality of light-deflecting grooves implemented on at least one major surface of the substrate. The device is arranged to form guided light by coupling the input light into the substrate, The grooves are arranged to form deflected light by coupling the guided light out of the substrate through the second major surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A masking device disposed over a display has a first viewing region, a second viewing region, a first operating mode, and a second operating mode, wherein in the first operating mode the masking device allows a first observer located in the first viewing region to observe information displayed on the display, and also allows a second observer located in the second viewing region to observe the displayed information, wherein in the second operating mode the masking device projects light to the second viewing region so as to prevent the second observer from observing the displayed information.

Abstract: A masking device disposed over a display has a first viewing region, a second viewing region, a first operating mode, and a second operating mode, wherein in the first operating mode the masking device allows a first observer located in the first viewing region to observe information displayed on the display, and also allows a second observer located in the second viewing region to observe the displayed information, wherein in the second operating mode the masking device projects light to the second viewing region so as to prevent the second observer from observing the displayed information.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing nanostructured paper or board and a novel paper or board. The method comprises providing a liquid suspension of nanocellulose-containing material, forming a web from the suspension, and drying the web in order to form paper or board. According to the invention the water content of the suspension from which the web is formed is 50% or less by weight of liquids. By means of the invention, energy consumption of paper manufacturing can be significantly reduced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing nanostructured paper or board and a novel paper or board. The method comprises providing a liquid suspension of nanocellulose-containing material, forming a web from the suspension, and drying the web in order to form paper or board. According to the invention the water content of the suspension from which the web is formed is 50% or less by weight of liquids. By means of the invention, energy consumption of paper manufacturing can be significantly reduced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing nanostructured paper or board and a novel paper or board. The method comprises providing a liquid suspension of nanocellulose-containing material, forming a web from the suspension and drying the web in order to form paper or board. According to the invention, the water content of the suspension at the time of beginning of the drying is 50% or less by weight of liquids so as to form a paper or board having an average pore size between 200 and 400 nm. By means of the invention, very opaque paper, for example for printing applications, can be manufactured with low energy consumption.