Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide methods for performing dacryocystorhinostomy and an apparatus for performing dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR), the apparatus comprising a dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) tool, which includes a perforating shaft having a distal perforating-shaft perforating tip configured to form a bypass between a lacrimal sac and a nasal cavity through a lateral side of the lacrimal sac, a lacrimal bone, and nasal mucosa and a DCR guide, which includes a nasal guide component, which is configured to be inserted into the nasal cavity and has a nasal-guide channel having a proximal opening and an at least partially laterally facing distal opening, and a lacrimal guide component, which is shaped so as to define a lacrimal-guide channel that is configured to orient the distal perforating-shaft perforating tip with respect to the DCR guide during advancing of the distal perforating-shaft perforating tip through a lacrimal passageway and into the lacrimal sac, until the distal perforating-shaft

Abstract: A device for retarding birth, forming a lumen for surrounding a uterine cervix, the device including an upper ring for surrounding the uterine cervix, and an anchoring mechanism for anchoring the device on the cervix. A tool for inserting a device for retarding birth, the device including a device lumen for surrounding a uterine cervix, the tool including a plurality of rods attached to two rings, forming a longitudinal tool lumen, each rod including a connector for attaching to the device for retarding birth at a distal end of the rod, and a mechanism at a proximal end of the rod, for detaching the device for retarding birth at the distal end of the rod. Related apparatus and methods are also described.