Abstract: A method, consisting of ablating tissue for a time period, measuring a contact force applied during the time period, and measuring a power used during the time period. The method further includes ceasing ablating the tissue when a desired size of a lesion produced in the tissue, as estimated using an integral over the time period of a product of the contact force raised to a first non-unity exponent and the power raised to a second non-unity exponent, is reached.

Abstract: Described embodiments include a system that includes a current source generator and a processor. The processor is configured to drive the current source generator to supply, for application to tissue of a subject, an electric current having an amplitude that varies in accordance with a predefined function of time, such that the amplitude initially monotonically increases to a maximum value. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Described embodiments include a system that includes a current source generator and a processor. The processor is configured to drive the current source generator to supply, for application to tissue of a subject, an electric current having an amplitude that varies in accordance with a predefined function of time, such that the amplitude initially monotonically increases to a maximum value. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A method for treatment evaluation includes applying energy through a probe to ablate tissue at a plurality of sites in an organ in a body of a patient, thereby creating lesions in the tissue including at least first and second lesions at respective first and second, mutually-adjacent sites. Location coordinates and respective treatment parameters are recorded at each of the sites with respect to the applied energy. Based on the recorded treatment parameters, respective measures of size of the lesions are computed, including at least respective first and second measures of the first and second lesions. An indication of contiguity between at least the first and second lesions is generated responsively to the first and second measures and to a distance between the location coordinates of the first and second sites.

Abstract: A method, consisting of ablating tissue for a time period, measuring a contact force applied during the time period, and measuring a power used during the time period. The method further includes ceasing ablating the tissue when a desired size of a lesion produced in the tissue, as estimated using an integral over the time period of a product of the contact force raised to a first non-unity exponent and the power raised to a second non-unity exponent, is reached.

Abstract: A method, consisting of ablating tissue for a time period, measuring a contact force applied during the time period, and measuring a power used during the time period. The method further includes ceasing ablating the tissue when a desired size of a lesion produced in the tissue, as estimated using an integral over the time period of a product of the contact force raised to a first non-unity exponent and the power raised to a second non-unity exponent, is reached.

Abstract: Described embodiments include a system that includes a current source generator and a processor. The processor is configured to drive the current source generator to supply, for application to tissue of a subject, an electric current having an amplitude that varies in accordance with a predefined function of time, such that the amplitude initially monotonically increases to a maximum value. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A method for treatment evaluation includes applying energy through a probe to ablate tissue at a plurality of sites in an organ in a body of a patient, thereby creating lesions in the tissue including at least first and second lesions at respective first and second, mutually-adjacent sites. Location coordinates and respective treatment parameters are recorded at each of the sites with respect to the applied energy. Based on the recorded treatment parameters, respective measures of size of the lesions are computed, including at least respective first and second measures of the first and second lesions. An indication of contiguity between at least the first and second lesions is generated responsively to the first and second measures and to a distance between the location coordinates of the first and second sites.

Abstract: A method, consisting of ablating tissue for a time period, measuring a contact force applied during the time period, and measuring a power used during the time period. The method further includes ceasing ablating the tissue when a desired size of a lesion produced in the tissue, as estimated using an integral over the time period of a product of the contact force raised to a first non-unity exponent and the power raised to a second non-unity exponent, is reached.

Abstract: A method for navigating a medical device to an anatomical surface within a subject to perform electro-anatomical mapping using a magnetic navigation system is provided that includes importing a pre-operative image data set of an anatomical surface in the subject's body into a localization system. One or more control parameters are applied to the magnetic navigation system to drive the medical device to one or more points of tissue contact, from the locations of which a geometric anatomical map can be created and registered with the pre-operative anatomical image. The pre-operative anatomical surface image and a representation of the geometric anatomical map are displayed relative to one another, such that a user may select a location on the displayed pre-operative anatomical image to navigate the medical device towards.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for obtaining registration of a localization system's three-dimensional coordinates for a plurality of markers having known locations to the two-dimensional coordinates for the plurality of reference markers obtained from a single X-ray image. The method for registering a navigational system with a localization system having a plurality of reference markers includes determining the three-dimensional coordinates of the locations of a plurality of reference markers within the localization coordinate system, and providing a single two-dimensional X-ray image that includes a two dimensional location of the plurality of markers. The method further includes determining a coordinate transformation for obtaining a best fit registration of the localization system's three-dimensional coordinates to the two-dimensional coordinates obtained from the single X-ray image, for at least one reference marker location.

Abstract: Method and system for switching and routing, while logically managing and controlling, multichannel optical signals in an optical communication system, featuring (a) an optical package array of optically connected: optical switch elements, left side and bottom side input ports, right side and top side output ports, and, (b) an operatively connected management and control logic mechanism (MCLM). The system is used for forming a variety of general and specific extendable all optical cross connect (AOXC) chained optical package (COP) architectures. MCLM logically manages and controls switching and routing of light entering and exiting the optical switch elements via input and output ports. Includes optional optical signal switching and routing functions of grouping, multicasting, adding and/or dropping, converting, and, restoring, of single and groups of a plurality of wavelengths. The optical switch elements are preferably voltage controlled Electroholography based optical switches.