Abstract: A solar receiver includes a porous structure with a uniform or a varying porosity. The porous structure may include specular reflective region on at least one surface and a diffusive reflective region on at least one surface.

Abstract: A reactor technology is disclosed for carrying out thermochemical processes namely splitting reactions of gas molecules fed into the reactor where at least one of the product species is temporarily stored within the reactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and reactor for the quasi-continuous performance of a chemical reaction on the surface of a fixed reactant in a gas/solid phase reaction. In particular, the invention relates to a thermal process and a reactor for the continuous preparation of hydrogen from water vapor on the surface of a metal oxide in a gas/solid phase reaction.

Abstract: A particulate matter sensor includes a first detection filter provided in an exhaust gas flow passage and capable of collecting particle matter. A second detection filter is provided on a downstream side of the first detection filter in the exhaust gas flow passage and capable of collecting the particle matter. A first differential pressure detection unit is configured to detect a first differential pressure between pressures of an upstream side and the downstream side of the first detection filter. A second differential pressure detection unit is configured to detect a second differential pressure between pressures of an upstream side and a downstream side of the second detection filter. A particle matter amount detection unit is configured to detect an amount of particle matter based on a detection result of the first differential pressure detection unit and a detection result of the second differential pressure detection unit.

Abstract: A particulate matter concentration measuring apparatus configured to measure a particulate matter concentration in exhaust gas includes an exhaust gas extraction line that is branched from an exhaust line and has a flow passage cross-sectional area smaller than that of the exhaust line, a particulate matter detection filter provided in the exhaust gas extraction line and configured to catch particulate matter, a heating unit configured to heat the caught particulate matter, and a differential pressure detection unit configured to detect a differential pressure generated between an inlet and an outlet of the particulate matter detection filter. The heating unit is configured to apply about 50% or more of a calorific value for heating the particulate matter to an area making up about 30% of the particulate matter detection filter on an upstream side of an exhaust gas flow.

Abstract: A particulate matter concentration measuring apparatus is configured to measure a concentration of particulate matter in exhaust gas flowing through an exhaust line of a diesel engine. The apparatus includes an exhaust gas extraction line diverging from the exhaust line and having a flow passage cross-sectional area smaller than a flow passage cross-sectional area of the exhaust line. A particulate matter detection filter has a cell wall and is provided in the exhaust gas extraction line. A flow velocity of the exhaust gas passing through the cell wall is more than or equal to approximately 0.02 m/s and less than or equal to approximately 2.0 m/s. A differential pressure sensing part is configured to sense a differential pressure generated between an inlet and an outlet of the particulate matter detection filter.

Abstract: A particulate matter sensor includes a particulate matter detection filter having a volumetric soot storage capacity smaller than the volumetric soot storage capacity of a diesel particulate filter, and a differential pressure measuring part measuring a differential pressure between an inlet and an outlet of the particulate matter detection filter.

Abstract: A particulate matter concentration measuring apparatus configured to measure concentration of particulate matter in exhaust gas passing through an exhaust line includes an exhaust gas collecting line branched from the exhaust line, a particulate matter detection filter provided in the exhaust gas collecting line, a differential pressure sensor configured to sense differential pressure between an inlet and an outlet of the particulate matter detection filter, a passage wall disposed so that the exhaust gas flows to a downstream side of the particulate matter detection filter, an inlet side passage through which the exhaust gas flows into the particulate matter detection filter in the passage wall, and an outlet side passage through which the exhaust gas flows out from the particulate matter detection filter. The outlet side passage has an outlet side cross-sectional area approximately 1.0 times or more larger than an inlet side cross-sectional area of the inlet side passage.

Abstract: A catalyst supporting honeycomb including a pillar-shaped honeycomb structure having a plurality of cells formed in parallel with one another in a longitudinal direction with a cell wall interposed therebetween, and catalyst particles supported on the honeycomb structure. The catalyst particles include an oxide catalyst, an average particle diameter of which is at least about 0.05 ?m and at most about 1.00 ?m.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and reactor for the quasi-continuous performance of a chemical reaction on the surface of a fixed reactant in a gas/solid phase reaction. In particular, the invention relates to a thermal process and a reactor for the continuous preparation of hydrogen from water vapor on the surface of a metal oxide in a gas/solid phase reaction.

Abstract: A particulate matter sensor includes a first detection filter provided in an exhaust gas flow passage and capable of collecting particle matter. A second detection filter is provided on a downstream side of the first detection filter in the exhaust gas flow passage and capable of collecting the particle matter. A first differential pressure detection unit is configured to detect a first differential pressure between pressures of an upstream side and the downstream side of the first detection filter. A second differential pressure detection unit is configured to detect a second differential pressure between pressures of an upstream side and a downstream side of the second detection filter. A particle matter amount detection unit is configured to detect an amount of particle matter based on a detection result of the first differential pressure detection unit and a detection result of the second differential pressure detection unit.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying apparatus includes a primary diesel particulate filter provided in an exhaust line of a diesel engine, a secondary exhaust line branched from the exhaust line from an upstream side of the primary diesel particulate filter, and a secondary diesel particulate filter provided in the secondary exhaust line. The secondary diesel particulate filter has a soot storage capacity smaller than the soot storage capacity of the primary diesel particulate filter. The apparatus further includes a differential pressure measuring part measuring a differential pressure between an inlet and an outlet of the secondary diesel particulate filter. A distance to the secondary diesel particulate filter from a branching point of the secondary exhaust line from the primary exhaust line is about 2 m or less.

Abstract: A catalyst supporting honeycomb includes a pillar-shaped honeycomb structure and catalyst particles supported on the honeycomb structure. The honeycomb structure includes cell walls extending in a longitudinal direction of the honeycomb structure to define a plurality of cells extending in the longitudinal direction. The plurality of cells include large-volume cells having first opening ends and second closing ends opposite to the first opening ends along the longitudinal direction, and small-volume cells having first closed ends and second opening ends opposite to the first closed ends along the longitudinal direction. Total cross sectional areas of the large-volume cells on a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction are larger than total cross sectional areas of the small-volume cells on the plane. The catalyst particles include an oxide catalyst having an average particle diameter of at least about 0.05 ?m and at most about 1.00 ?m.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying apparatus includes a primary diesel particulate filter provided in an exhaust line of a diesel engine, a secondary exhaust line branched from the exhaust line from an upstream side of the primary diesel particulate filter, and a secondary diesel particulate filter provided in the secondary exhaust line. The secondary diesel particulate filter has a soot storage capacity smaller than the soot storage capacity of the primary diesel particulate filter. The apparatus further includes a differential pressure measuring part for measuring a differential pressure between an inlet and an outlet of the secondary diesel particulate filter.

Abstract: A particulate matter concentration measuring apparatus configured to measure a concentration of a particulate matter in an exhaust gas that flows through a diesel engine exhaust line includes an exhaust gas collecting line, a particulate matter detection filter, and a differential pressure detecting unit. The exhaust gas collecting line branches from the diesel engine exhaust line and includes a flow path cross-sectional area smaller than a flow path cross-sectional area of the diesel engine exhaust line. The particulate matter detection filter is disposed in the exhaust gas collecting line. The differential pressure detecting unit is configured to detect a differential pressure between an inlet and an outlet of the particulate matter detection filter and disposed apart from a downstream end of the particulate matter detection filter in a direction of a flow of the exhaust gas.

Abstract: A particulate matter concentration measuring apparatus is configured to measure a concentration of particulate matter in exhaust gas flowing through an exhaust line of a diesel engine. The apparatus includes an exhaust gas extraction line diverging from the exhaust line and having a flow passage cross-sectional area smaller than a flow passage cross-sectional area of the exhaust line. A particulate matter detection filter has a cell wall and is provided in the exhaust gas extraction line. A flow velocity of the exhaust gas passing through the cell wall is more than or equal to approximately 0.02 m/s and less than or equal to approximately 2.0 m/s. A differential pressure sensing part is configured to sense a differential pressure generated between an inlet and an outlet of the particulate matter detection filter.

Abstract: A particulate matter concentration measuring apparatus configured to measure a particulate matter concentration in exhaust gas includes an exhaust gas extraction line that is branched from an exhaust line and has a flow passage cross-sectional area smaller than that of the exhaust line, a particulate matter detection filter provided in the exhaust gas extraction line and configured to catch particulate matter, a heating unit configured to heat the caught particulate matter, and a differential pressure detection unit configured to detect a differential pressure generated between an inlet and an outlet of the particulate matter detection filter. The heating unit is configured to apply about 50% or more of a calorific value for heating the particulate matter to an area making up about 30% of the particulate matter detection filter on an upstream side of an exhaust gas flow.

Abstract: A particulate matter concentration measuring apparatus configured to measure concentration of particulate matter in exhaust gas passing through an exhaust line includes an exhaust gas collecting line branched from the exhaust line, a particulate matter detection filter provided in the exhaust gas collecting line, a differential pressure sensor configured to sense differential pressure between an inlet and an outlet of the particulate matter detection filter, a passage wall disposed so that the exhaust gas flows to a downstream side of the particulate matter detection filter, an inlet side passage through which the exhaust gas flows into the particulate matter detection filter in the passage wall, and an outlet side passage through which the exhaust gas flows out from the particulate matter detection filter. The outlet side passage has an outlet side cross-sectional area approximately 1.0 times or more larger than an inlet side cross-sectional area of the inlet side passage.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying apparatus includes a primary diesel particulate filter provided in an exhaust line of a diesel engine, a secondary exhaust line branched from the exhaust line at an upstream side of the primary diesel particulate filter, a secondary diesel particulate filter provided in the secondary exhaust line, and a low pressure part provided in the secondary exhaust line at a downstream side of said secondary diesel particulate filter. The secondary diesel particulate filter has a soot load capacity smaller than the soot load capacity of the primary diesel particulate filter. The low pressure part provides a pressure lower than a pressure of the branching point. The apparatus further includes a differential pressure measuring part for measuring a differential pressure between an inlet and an outlet of the secondary diesel particulate filter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and reactor for the quasi-continuous performance of a chemical reaction on the surface of a fixed reactant in a gas/solid phase reaction. In particular, the invention relates to a thermal process and a reactor for the continuous preparation of hydrogen from water vapor on the surface of a metal oxide in a gas/solid phase reaction.