Abstract: A method performed by a control node (800) for determining whether two wireless devices meet a location criterion for closeness, the method comprising: obtaining (701), from the two wireless devices, measurements of a reference signal transmitted in a beam by a radio network node to a plurality of measurement points that are spatially distributed around the two wireless devices; and determining (702) whether the two wireless devices meet the location criterion based on the obtained measurements.

Abstract: A reinforcement learning (RL) process is used to allocate UL/DL resources and is also used to offload traffic from a first access point (e.g., macro access point) to a second access point (e.g., a micro access point) when the load on the first access point is too high. The RL process is able to handle the dynamic nature of UL/DL imbalances and is therefore able to maximize usage of resources without compromising quality of service.

Abstract: A method for providing frequency balancing in a power network grid by an RBS of a radio communication network. The RBS includes one or more power supply units, PSUs, connected to the power network grid. The method includes detecting a deviation of a power network grid frequency measured in a PSU of the one or more PSUs, the power network grid frequency is measured upstream of a power factor correction, PFC, unit of the PSU, deactivating the one or more PSU in response to the detected deviation, determining one or more further PSU to be deactivated based on the detected deviation, the RBS is in a first frequency containment reserve, FCR, zone and the one or more further PSU are in a second FCR zone, other than the first FCR zone, and sending a deactivation indication to the determined one or more further PSU.

Abstract: Methods, nodes, computer programs and communication networks are disclosed. The disclosure provides a method performed by a network node for controlling traffic in a communications network, the communications network comprising a wireless access node adapted to serve a plurality of wireless devices. The method comprises obtaining network operation data for at least one of the plurality of wireless devices, the network operation data comprising location of the respective wireless device and performance data correlated with the location, the network operation data being indicative of a plurality of attributes corresponding to the operation of the respective wireless device in the communications network. The method also comprises grouping the at least one wireless device of the plurality of wireless devices by partitioning the network operation data into one or more service clusters wherein each service cluster defines a geographical area based on the obtained location.

Abstract: A method for enabling a model trainer to train a model. The method includes transmitting a first certificate request message to an endpoint associated with a first secure enclave. The method also includes receiving a first certificate response message responsive to the first certificate request message, wherein the first certificate response message comprises a first certificate generated by the first secure enclave and a first digital signature generated by the first secure enclave for authenticating the first certificate. The method also includes determining whether the first certificate is valid. The method also includes, as a result of determining that the first certificate is valid, transmitting to the endpoint or to the model trainer a model information message comprising information pertaining to the model.

Abstract: A technique for detecting a fake radio base station, RBS, in a radio access network, RAN, comprising a plurality of RBSs is described. As to a method aspect, a neural network in an FRD module is trained according to reinforcement learning with a set of experiences. Each of the experiences relates to one of the RBSs and includes a state based on at least one observation of at least one radio device relative to the respective one of the RBSs, an action indicative of a degree of trust whether the respective one of the RBSs is a fake RBS, an updated state for the respective one of the RBSs, and a reward based on a likelihood function. The reward is indicative of a correlation between the action and the likelihood function for the respective one of the RBSs being a fake RBS based on the respective one of the states.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for the transfer learning for digital twins. Embodiments can include a variety of machine learning, reinforcement learning, transfer learning, and other embodiments. Training digital twins of physical objects can run into the problem of limited access to data transfers. In embodiments under the present disclosure a first training can be performed to determine a source domain or transfer learning method that is best, given a certain state or other metadata of a digital twin. Further training can utilize source domains that previously performed best given state and/or metadata and digital twin type.

Abstract: A coordination node (1000) is disclosed for coordinating generation of an accident information graph comprising information representative of a vehicle accident environment. The coordination node comprises processing circuitry (1010) configured to detect an event associated with occurrence of a vehicle accident (110) and obtain environment data representative of the vehicle accident environment in which the event was detected (120). The processing circuitry is further configured to generate an accident information graph based on the obtained environment data, wherein the accident information graph comprises a structured representation of the obtained environment data and at least one semantic annotation to the obtained environment data (130).

Abstract: A method performed by a mobile device for handling identification of equipment. The mobile device records an image, in a recording direction at a first location, of the equipment. Upon recording the image, the mobile device further obtains one or more radiation indications for determining a direction of radiation from the equipment; and provides the obtained one or more radiation indications associated with the recorded image, to an internal identifying process at the mobile device and/or a network node for identifying the equipment.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of scheduling communication of a wireless communication device in a communications network, and a device performing the method. A method of a device of scheduling communication of a wireless communication device in a communications network is provided. The method includes determining a geographical path along which the wireless communication device is expected to travel, acquiring data indicating power availability of access points via which the wireless communication device is capable of communicating along the expected geographical path, determining, from the acquired data indicating power availability, via which of the access points communication is to be established along the expected geographical path for avoiding establishing communication with one or more of the access points indicated to be subjected to power failure, and scheduling the communication to occur via the determined access points.

Abstract: According to an aspect, there is provided a power supply unit, PSU, configured for use in a first radio access network, RAN, node in a communication network. The PSU includes a power supply input interface configured to enable the PSU to be connected to, and receive electrical power from, an electrical power supply; and a power line communication, PLC, unit connected to the power supply input interface and configured to connect to a first baseband, BB, processing unit in the first RAN node. The first BB processing unit is configured for processing baseband signals in the first RAN node. The PLC unit is configured to operate according to a PLC protocol to enable communications between the first BB processing unit and a second BB processing unit in a second RAN node that is also connected to the electrical power supply.

Abstract: This disclosure provides new parameters for discovery request messages and discovery response messages communicated between a Network Function (NF) consumer (an NFc) (100) and a Network Repository Function (NRF) (130) in a core network. The new parameters support the discovery and selection of one or more NF services to be consumed by the NFc. More particularly, when the NFc initiates a discovery request, it identifies a particular NF service type to consume to the NRF. Included in the discovery request message are the new parameters specifying a particular set of one or more quality metrics the NRF is to report to the NFc in the discovery response message. The quality metrics include the most current measurement values for the specified NF service, but may also include historical measurement values spanning a time duration that is specified by the NFc in the discovery request message.

Abstract: A testing system and method for testing a Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) is provided. The method is being executed at a testing system which comprises a RF test analyzer; a RF energy source; and one or more RF probes. The method includes performing a first level scanning of a first set of components in the PCB. The method further includes performing a second level scanning of another set of components in the PCB, which differs from the first set of components in the PCB; the second level scanning is performed only if anomalies are identified which is based on analyzing the results of the performed first level scanning. The method further includes determining detailed root causes of the identified anomalies which is based on analyzing results of the performed second level scanning.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method, performed by a first node. The first node determines, using machine learning, one or more first groups of devices, out of a plurality of groups of devices. The one or more first groups of devices are to be transferred from a first network node operating with a first communication access technology to one or more second network nodes operating with a second communication access technology. Each of the groups the plurality has one or more respective policies pertaining to quality of service for device connection. The determining is based on the one or more first groups of devices having a highest probability to have their one or more respective policies satisfied in the second communication access technology. The first node sends an indication of the result of the determination.

Abstract: A method performed by a controller is provided. The method includes receiving first input information from a first network node. The first input information includes any one or more of: a first group of one or more values for one or more parameters associated with a first contention window, CW, value, a second CW value, and a second group of one or more values for the one or more parameters associated with the second CW value. The method further includes obtaining first policy information indicating a first policy which is determined based at least on the first input information and transmitting towards the first network node the first policy information. The first policy is for determining a third CW value for the first network node.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a service terminal, a network device and a method for access security at Operation and Maintenance, O&M, support of the network device. The network device (100) and the service terminal (20) are configured to establish a communication using at least one access setting for establishing a communication. The at least one access setting comprising one of the following: an IP address, one or several serial communication parameters, access protocol, authentication method. The method comprises to receive a trigger for changing the at least one access setting for establishing a communication with the service terminal, and to change the at least one access setting for establishing the communication with the service terminal to at least one new access setting.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method performed in a multi-agent system by a first network node is provided for transferring historical data from an operating agent to a second agent for an action controlling a performance of the multi-agent system. The method includes selecting at least one operating agent for transfer of historical data to the second agent. The historical data acquired from executions of an action by the at least one operating agent that at least partially fulfills an input parameter. The selecting is based on one or more criteria including (i) a performance of the at least one operating agent on the parameter or on a related parameter; (ii) an availability of the at least one operating agent; and (iii) an identity of an actuation target system for receipt of the action. The method further includes transferring the historical data to the second agent.

Abstract: Methods, nodes, computer programs and communication networks are disclosed. The disclosure provides a method performed by a network node for controlling traffic in a communications network, the communications network comprising a wireless access node adapted to serve a plurality of wireless devices. The method comprises obtaining network operation data for at least one of the plurality of wireless devices, the network operation data comprising location of the respective wireless device and performance data correlated with the location, the network operation data being indicative of a plurality of attributes corresponding to the operation of the respective wireless device in the communications network. The method also comprises grouping the at least one wireless device of the plurality of wireless devices by partitioning the network operation data into one or more service clusters wherein each service cluster defines a geographical area based on the obtained location.

Abstract: A method performed by a first network node in a terrestrial network, for determining whether a user equipment, UE, is to connect to a non-terrestrial network, NTN, includes obtaining a predicted capacity of the NTN for transmissions made by the UE. The method further includes determining whether to connect the UE to the NTN, based on the predicted capacity of the NTN. User equipments, network nodes, computer programs, computer program product, a carrier, and a system are also disclosed.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method and apparatus obtain a plurality of data sets. A data set comprises a respective value of a performance metric for each of a plurality of network nodes interconnected in a multi-hop arrangement. Each of the plurality of data sets is classified as normal or abnormal by comparing the respective values of the performance metric of each of the plurality of network nodes to a corresponding normality threshold, thus providing a plurality of classified data sets. The plurality of classified data sets is processed using a machine-learning algorithm in order to derive, for at least one network node of the plurality of network nodes, a node performance assessment threshold indicative of a value of the performance metric of the at least one node at which the plurality of network nodes has a predetermined likelihood of being classified as normal.