Abstract: Method, apparatus and systems are disclosed that may be implemented in wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and/or a UAV-controller (UAV-C). In one representative method, the UAV may switch from a first Command and Control (C2) communication link between a UAV and a first UAV-C to a second C2 communication link for C2 communications. The method may include determining, by the WTRU, to switch C2 communications from the first C2 communication link to the second C2 communication link based on a C2 switching condition; sending, by the WTRU to a C2 control entity, a notification indicating link information used to determine switching from the first C2 communication link to the second C2 communication link; receiving, by the WTRU from the C2 control entity, information indicating a switch; and switching, by the WTRU, C2 communications from the first C2 communication link to the second C2 communication link.

Abstract: In one or more embodiments, one or more devices, systems, and/or methods may address solutions and/or innovations for 5G System edge computing, edge applications, and/or other wireless systems. For example, one or more of the following techniques may be used to address shared-application vertical-session-based edge-application-instance discovery and selection: there may be an application vertical-session identifier; one or more application-vertical-session-based EAS registration, discovery, and selection procedures; application-vertical-session-based EDN/EES provisioning; and/or, application-vertical-session management.

Abstract: Systems and methods for supporting multiple uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) Service Suppliers (multi-USS) are described. The methods may be performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) including a UAV application enabling (UAE) client located in the UAV with the method performed with the UAV in-flight. Steps may include: sending a registration request to a UAE server, the registration request including an indication of multi-USS capability; receiving a registration response message that includes an indication that the UAE server supports multi-USS capability; receiving a multi-USS configuration request that includes multi-USS configuration parameters related to conditions under which the UAE client may initiate a USS change and a list of allowed USSs; sending a multi-USS configuration response; and performing a multi-USS change and sending a multi-USS change notification based on the multi-USS configuration parameters.

Abstract: Systems and methods for supporting multiple uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) Service Suppliers (multi-USS) are described. The methods may be performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) including a UAV application enabling (UAE) client located in the UAV with the method performed with the UAV in-flight. Steps may include: sending a registration request to a UAE server, the registration request including an indication of multi-USS capability; receiving a registration response message that includes an indication that the UAE server supports multi-USS capability; receiving a multi-USS configuration request that includes multi-USS configuration parameters related to conditions under which the UAE client may initiate a USS change and a list of allowed USSs; sending a multi-USS configuration response; and performing a multi-USS change and sending a multi-USS change notification based on the multi-USS configuration parameters.

Abstract: A method implemented in a Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit, WTRU, for selecting a local network for the WTRU to join includes storing steering of roaming, SoR, information for a plurality of local service hosting networks, wherein the SoR information includes an indication of a priority order in a list of network identifiers, switching to an access mode for network searching, searching for a local service hosting network to join from among the plurality of local service hosting networks, and selecting a local service hosting network to join based on the indication of the priority order in the list of network identifiers. The method may further include updating the SoR information during any one or more of a periodic procedure or a mobility registration procedure.

Abstract: Systems and methods for supporting multiple uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) Service Suppliers (multi-USS) are described. The methods may be performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) including a UAV application enabling (UAE) client located in the UAV with the method performed with the UAV in-flight. Steps may include: sending a registration request to a UAE server, the registration request including an indication of multi-USS capability: receiving a registration response message that includes an indication that the UAE server supports multi-USS capability: receiving a multi-USS configuration request that includes multi-USS configuration parameters related to conditions under which the UAE client may initiate a USS change and a list of allowed USSs: sending a multi-USS configuration response; and performing a multi-USS change and sending a multi-USS change notification based on the multi-USS configuration parameters.

Abstract: A method implemented in a Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit, WTRU, for selecting a local network for the WTRU to join includes storing steering of roaming, SoR, information for a plurality of local service hosting networks, wherein the SoR information includes an indication of a priority order in a list of network identifiers, switching to an access mode for network searching, searching for a local service hosting network to join from among the plurality of local service hosting networks, and selecting a local service hosting network to join based on the indication of the priority order in the list of network identifiers. The method may further include updating the SoR information during any one or more of a periodic procedure or a mobility registration procedure.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and systems are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method, implemented by a UAS control entity includes the UAS control entity: receiving, from a USS/UTM, a monitoring request including information indicating a uncrewed/unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) identifier to be monitored and one or more types of events the USS/UTM is subscribing to; subscribing with a network entity serving a UAV associated with the UAV identifier to be monitored based on the information indicating a type of event; receiving a published event report from the network entity, the publish event report including information indicating the UAV identifier, the event type and meta information related to an event; and sending the published event report received to the USS/UTM.

Abstract: Method, apparatus and systems are disclosed that may be implemented in wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and/or a UAV-controller (UAV-C). In one representative method, the UAV may switch from a first Command and Control (C2) communication link between a UAV and a first UAV-C to a second C2 communication link for C2 communications. The method may include determining, by the WTRU, to switch C2 communications from the first C2 communication link to the second C2 communication link based on a C2 switching condition; sending, by the WTRU to a C2 control entity, a notification indicating link information used to determine switching from the first C2 communication link to the second C2 communication link; receiving, by the WTRU from the C2 control entity, information indicating a switch; and switching, by the WTRU, C2 communications from the first C2 communication link to the second C2 communication link.

Abstract: A network node of a mobile communications network may need to generate at least one new Input Offset Value, IOV value, for use in protecting communications between the network node and a mobile station. The network node then associates a fresh counter value with the or each new IOV value; calculates a Message Authentication Code based on at least the at least one new IOV value, the fresh counter value associated with the or each new IOV value, and a constant indicating that the Message Authentication Code is calculated to protect the new IOV value; and transmits the at least one new IOV value, the fresh counter value associated with the or each new IOV value, and the calculated Message Authentication Code to the mobile station.

Abstract: A network node of a mobile communications network may need to generate at least one new Input Offset Value, IOV value, for use in protecting communications between the network node and a mobile station. The network node then associates a fresh counter value with the or each new IOV value; calculates a Message Authentication Code based on at least the at least one new IOV value, the fresh counter value associated with the or each new IOV value, and a constant indicating that the Message Authentication Code is calculated to protect the new IOV value; and transmits the at least one new IOV value, the fresh counter value associated with the or each new IOV value, and the calculated Message Authentication Code to the mobile station.

Abstract: A network node of a mobile communications network may need to generate at least one new Input Offset Value, IOV value, for use in protecting communications between the network node and a mobile station. The network node then associates a fresh counter value with the or each new IOV value; calculates a Message Authentication Code based on at least the at least one new IOV value, the fresh counter value associated with the or each new IOV value, and a constant indicating that the Message Authentication Code is calculated to protect the new IOV value; and transmits the at least one new IOV value, the fresh counter value associated with the or each new IOV value, and the calculated Message Authentication Code to the mobile station.

Abstract: A network node of a mobile communications network may need to generate at least one new Input Offset Value, IOV value, for use in protecting communications between the network node and a mobile station. The network node then associates a fresh counter value with the or each new IOV value; calculates a Message Authentication Code based on at least the at least one new IOV value, the fresh counter value associated with the or each new IOV value, and a constant indicating that the Message Authentication Code is calculated to protect the new IOV value; and transmits the at least one new IOV value, the fresh counter value associated with the or each new IOV value, and the calculated Message Authentication Code to the mobile station.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method related to GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) system providing packet switched connections throughout a communication network, especially a PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network), connections being related to different QoS (Quality of Service) levels between end users, wherein an LLC (Logic Link Control) protocol is a packet oriented protocol, and wherein an LLC (Logic Link Control) is established when one mobile station activates one PDP context with a QoS for which the MS (Mobile Station) does not already have an LLC established, and in order to avoid separate handling of several logic links for one mobile station, and in order to avoid assignment of new link identities internally within an SGSM and at change of SGSN, it is according to the present invention suggested that the method involves the use of one LLC (Logic Link) with an independent set of link state variables per QoS, so as to allow independent handling of different QoS within said link.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for routing area (RA) update request messages which in accordance with a time period broadcasted from the network are periodically sent from an MS (Mobile Station) to an SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) through a BSS (Base Station System), which SGSN supports GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), and which as a result of a routing area update procedure will return an appropriate accept message, and for the purpose of taking into account the differentiation in nature of normal routing area update procedure and periodic updates, it is according to the present invention suggested that for the purpose of simplifying said routing area update procedure, there is broadcasted a new indicator from the network together with the time periode for the periodic routing updates, said indicator being adapted to determine whether the periodic routing update procedure is performed ciphered instead of unciphered.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for providing a unique temporary international identification of a mobile station during establishment and re-establishment of a logical link between a mobile station and the associated serving GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) support node (SGSN). The unique temporary international identification allows international roaming across country borders without using the international mobile station identification (IMSI), i.e. beyond the coverage area of the home PLMN, it is according to the present invention suggested to form new identity comprising the old TLLI, the old RA, and identification of the public land mobile network (PLMN) that is the owner of the old TLLI and the country where the PLMN belong. The new identity is used as identification on the radio interface, identification within the current SGSN and for identification of the old SGSN.