Abstract: An optical system used in an optical apparatus is configured to include a first lens group having positive refractive power, a focusing group that moves along an optical axis at focusing, and a rear group, in order from an object side, so that the first lens group includes a first-A lens group disposed on the object side of the largest air space A in the first lens group, and that all of the following conditional expressions are satisfied: 1.00<FNo×(TL/f)2<2.50 and 0.30<dA/dG1<0.85 where FNo is the f-number of the optical system focusing on infinity, TL is the total optical length of the optical system focusing on infinity, f is the focal length of the optical system focusing on infinity, dA is the length on the optical axis of the air space A, and dG1 is the length on the optical axis of the first lens group.

Abstract: The mode setting unit sets the mode of the display unit to a blind mode. An operation for the mode setting unit to set the mode of the display unit to the blind mode is input to the input unit. The image changing unit changes the mode of the display unit from the normal mode to the blind mode based on the operation input to the input unit, and changes at least one of the color and density of the display image of the display unit according to the blind mode. When an operation for setting the mode of the display unit to the blind mode is input to the input unit, the display unit displays a preview image obtained by changing the image data before the image forming unit forms on the sheet in accordance with the blind mode as the display image of the display screen.

Abstract: A belt member includes: a strip member having an elongate shape; a fastener disposed along the longitudinal direction of the strip member; and an opening-closing device that opens or closes the fastener. For reducing a contact pressure of the belt member per unit area, the fastener is opened by the opening-closing device to unfold the belt member into a form of a wide strip so that the width of the belt member is increased. On the other hand, when the fastener is closed by the opening-closing device, the belt member takes a form of a narrow tube so that the width of the belt member is reduced.

Abstract: A belt member includes: a strip member having an elongate shape; a fastener disposed along the longitudinal direction of the strip member; and an opening-closing device that opens or closes the fastener. For reducing a contact pressure of the belt member per unit area, the fastener is opened by the opening-closing device to unfold the belt member into a form of a wide strip so that the width of the belt member is increased. On the other hand, when the fastener is closed by the opening-closing device, the belt member takes a form of a narrow tube so that the width of the belt member is reduced.

Abstract: A database system which quickly creates a snapshot copy of the backup files. The system has a plurality of database storage subsystems which are normally operating as a mirrored storage system under the control of a mirroring controller. A write suspending unit temporarily suspends write operations to those storage subsystems, and a device detachment unit detaches at least one of the database storage subsystems from the mirrored storage system. A write restarting unit then allows write operations to the remaining database storage subsystems. A correction processor makes corrections to the detached database storage subsystem to resolve any inconsistency in its records, which might have been introduced in relation with such transactions that were in process at the time of the detachment. A data converter converts file location data for the detached database storage subsystem, so that it will serve as a separate database volume.

Abstract: A database system which quickly creates a snapshot copy of the backup files. The system has a plurality of database storage subsystems which are normally operating as a mirrored storage system under the control of a mirroring controller. A write suspending unit temporarily suspends write operations to those storage subsystems, and a device detachment unit detaches at least one of the database storage subsystems from the mirrored storage system. A write restarting unit then allows write operations to the remaining database storage subsystems. A correction processor makes corrections to the detached database storage subsystem to resolve any inconsistency in its records, which might have been introduced in relation with such transactions that were in process at the time of the detachment. A data converter converts file location data for the detached database storage subsystem, so that it will serve as a separate database volume.

Abstract: An exclusive control system of a shared resource in the computer system is comprised of: an exclusive control management table constructed of a lock word and a lock queue header, a management region allocated to the respective executable members for storing therein the executable member identifying information of the allocated executable member; resource management means for swapping a content of a management region allocated to a requesting executable member for a content of the lock queue header of the exclusive control management table upon receipt of the request to acquire the use right of the shared resource from the executable member, or a request to release the use right from the executable member, thereby producing a quasi-queue for chaining the executable members that have requested to acquire the use right while another executable member acquires the use right; and executable member control means for suspending a process operation of such an executable member which is brought into a waiting state in