Abstract: A target, which is photographed with an object at a spot for a photogrammtric analytical measurement, comprises first, second, third standard point members and assistant point members. The standard point members and the assistant point members are covered by a reflecting sheet. A distance between the first and second standard point members equals a distance between the second and third standard point members. Two assistant point members are positioned on a first straight line connecting the first and second standard point members. One assistant point member is positioned on a second straight line connecting the second and third standard point members. The distance between the first and second standard point members, the distance between the second and third standard point members, and an angle defined by the first and second straight lines, are predetermined.

Abstract: An automatic surveying system is provided that comprises a surveying device, a collinear-line calculating processor, a sighting direction control processor, and an object-point searching processor. The collinear line calculating processor obtains a collinear line for an arbitrarily designated point on a schematic image of which the positional relation to the surveying device is known. The sighting direction control processor controls the surveying device to sight along the collinear line. The object point searching processor searches for an object point where the position of the object point can be determined as a point on the collinear line. This is executed by measuring the sighting direction with the surveying device while carrying out the sighting direction control process. Further, a position obtained by the object point searching processor coincides with an object point that corresponds to the designated point.

Abstract: An observation optical device with a photographing function comprises a photographing optical system, a telescopic optical system, and a solid-state imaging device disposed on the optical axis of the photographing optical system. The photographing optical system forms an image. The telescopic optical system can function as a viewfinder optical system for the photographing optical system. The solid-state imaging device photoelectrically converts the image into an image signal, and outputs the image signal in the progressive-scan method.

Abstract: An optical device comprises a lens barrel and a casing. The casing has two casing sections that are movable relative to each other. A distribution cable is provided in the casing, and extends between the casing sections. The distribution cable is loosely wound around the lens barrel, whereby a movement of the distribution cable, caused by a relative movement of the casing sections, is absorbed by the loosely wound portion of the distribution cable.

Abstract: A three points range of high brightness and a four points range of high brightness in a photographed image are selected. It is checked if an identical end point is shared by the three and four points range selected. It is checked if a center of gravity corresponding to the identical end point, a center of gravity corresponding to another end point of the three points rage opposite to the identical end point, and a center of gravity corresponding to another end point of the four points range opposite to the identical end point, meet a positional relationship between standard points of a target.

Abstract: A surveying system is provided that comprises a position relation calculating processor and a correspondence obtaining processor. The position relation calculating processor calculates a position relation between a coordinate system to which three-dimensional coordinates of a measurement point refer and a schematic image of a surveying field. Here, the schematic image includes the measurement point. The correspondence obtaining processor obtains a correspondence between the three-dimensional coordinates of the measurement point and the two-dimensional coordinates on the schematic image, corresponding to the measurement point.

Abstract: A camera is used in a photogrammetric analytical measurement, performing photography at each photographing position, and has a relative-position-detecting system for three-dimensionally detecting a relative-positional relationship between different photographing positions. The relative-position-detecting system is associated with a three-dimensional coordinate system, defined in the camera, such that an origin of the three-dimensional coordinate system is situated at a back principal point of the camera, and is constituted so as to detect the relative-positional relationship between the different photographing positions, with respect to the three-dimensional coordinate system.

Abstract: A binocular telescope with a photographing function includes a pair of telescopic optical systems, a casing for receiving the telescopic optical systems, and the casing has outer-side end portions. A camera system includes a photographing optical system, and a solid-state image sensor arranged behind and aligned with the photographing optical system, and an electronic control system electronically controls an operation of the camera system. The electronic control system is supplied with electric power from the batteries through an electric power source circuit board. The batteries and the electric power source circuit board are provided at the outer-side end portions of the casing, such that the weight is balanced between the outer-side end portions of the casing.

Abstract: In an optical viewer instrument with a photographing function, there is provided a telescopic lens system for observing objects, and a digital camera system including a solid-state image sensor and a photographing lens system associated with each other such that an object is formed as a photographed image on the solid-state image sensor through the photographing lens system. A manually-operable focussing mechanism is associated with the telescopic lens system and the photographing lens system such that the object is brought into focus through the telescopic lens system, and such that the object is brought into focus through the photographing lens system. Optical parameters are selected such that predetermined conditions are fulfilled, whereby the focussing of the telescopic lens system and the focusing of the photographing lens system can be suitably and properly performed by the focussing mechanism.

Abstract: A control unit box and one of standard point members are provided close to a connection of first and second bars. A standard plane is defined by the standard point members. A loop antenna is provided in a mount unit situated on the top surface of the control unit box. The box is positioned such that a ratio of a second distance to a first distance is less than tan 8°. The first distance is from the point member to the mount unit, along the standard plane, and the second distance is from the standard plane to the top surface of the mount unit, along a direction perpendicular to the standard plane. The antenna is connected to an oscillator of 310 MHz. With respect to the antenna, the total length is approximately 0.48 m, a height from the top surface of the unit box is approximately 9.5 mm, and the inner diameter is approximately 25 mm.

Abstract: A schematic illustration drawing apparatus utilized for drawing a schematic illustration corresponding to a image that is captured by a digital camera or scanner is provided. The apparatus comprises an image indicating processor, drawing processor, transmittance setting processor, and adjusting processor. The image indicating processor indicates the image and illustration on the screen of a display as a first and second layer, so that the illustration is superimposed on the image. The brightness and contrast of the image in the first layer is adjusted by the transmittance of the second layer that is set by the transmittance setting processor, so that the illustration is made prominent from the image. As a result, an operator can easily trace the image on the screen with the drawing processor, as if the operator were drawing the illustration on tracing paper.

Abstract: A standard scale used in a photogrammetric measurement system has a polygonal plate having three apexes which are arranged to define a reference plane, where each of the apexes defines a reference point. Another standard scale has a light-guide plate member which has three light-emitting spots for defining reference points. Yet another standard scale has a frame member, and reference-point-forming elements, for defining reference points, arranged on the frame to define a reference plane. A marker used in a photogrammetric measurement system for defining a standard scale has a light-guide plate having a light emitting spot for defining a reference point. Another marker has a polygonal-pyramidal-shaped optical assembly formed from light-guide plates, including a core layer containing fluorescent substances, such that an apex of the optical assembly is defined by an emission of fluorescent radiation therefrom.

Abstract: A control unit box and one of standard point members are provided close to a connection of first and second bars. A standard plane is defined by the standard point members. A loop antenna is provided in a mount unit situated on the top surface of the control unit box. The box is positioned such that a ratio of a second distance to a first distance is less than tan 8°. The first distance is from the point member to the mount unit, along the standard plane, and the second distance is from the standard plane to the top surface of the mount unit, along a direction perpendicular to the standard plane. The antenna is connected to an oscillator of 310 MHz. With respect to the antenna, the total length is approximately 0.48 m, a height from the top surface of the unit box is approximately 9.5 mm, and the inner diameter is approximately 25 mm.

Abstract: A reflector is used with an electric distance meter, for measuring a distance of two positions. The reflector includes a reflecting member which reflects an incident light in parallel to the direction of incidence, and a selective transmission member provided to a light-incident surface of the reflecting member. The selective transmission member allows infrared ray to pass, while the selective transmission member prevents visible light from passing.

Abstract: A photogrammetric measurement system produces a survey map based on a set of photographed pictures obtained at two different photographing positions. Each of the pictures includes at least one continuous line and at least three conspicuous points away from the continuous line, with at least one of the conspicuous points and remaining conspicuous points being placed at opposing sides of the continuous line. The set of pictures are produced as a first picture and a second picture. First lines are produced between the conspicuous points on the first picture such that the lines intersect the continuous line, thereby generating intersecting points. Second lines are produced between the conspicuous points on the second picture such that the lines intersect the continuous line, thereby generating further intersecting points.

Abstract: In a photogrammetric analytical measurement system, a survey map is produced on the basis of two respective photographed pictures obtained at two different photographing positions. Each of the pictures includes an object image to be recorded on the survey map, and a standard measurement scale image for producing an accurately scaled object image. Data for producing the survey map is approximately calculated on the basis of two-dimensional position data inputted to the computer by designating the scale image and the object image on the pictures with a cursor, by an operator's manipulation of a mouse. When the results of the approximate calculations are erroneous, it is indicated that the inputting of the two-dimensional position data, by designation of the object image with the cursor, should be repeated.

Abstract: A standard scale used in a photogrammetric measurement system has a polygonal plate having three apexes which are arranged to define a reference plane, where each of the apexes defines a reference point. Another standard scale has a light-guide plate member which has three light-emitting spots for defining reference points. Yet another standard scale has a frame member, and reference-point-forming elements, for defining reference points, arranged on the frame to define a reference plane. A marker used in a photogrammetric measurement system for defining a standard scale has a light-guide plate having a light emitting spot for defining a reference point. Another marker has a polygonal-pyramidal-shaped optical assembly formed from light-guide plates, including a core layer containing fluorescent substances, such that an apex of the optical assembly is defined by an emission of fluorescent radiation therefrom.

Abstract: An endoscope system is provided with an endoscope unit which emits an excitation light to an object to be observed and receives a fluorescent light emitted by the object, a filtering optical element, which extracts a predetermined component of the fluorescent light received by the endoscope unit, an image capturing device, which receives an image formed by the predetermined component of the fluorescent light, an amplifier, which amplifies an output signal of the image capturing device, and a gain controller, which automatically controls a gain of the amplifier in accordance with the output signal of the image capturing element.

Abstract: A camera is used in a photogrammetric analytical measurement, and has a distance-measuring sensor unit for measuring a vertical distance between the camera and a sloping surface of the ground and a minimum distance between the camera and the sloping surface of the ground when the camera is placed above the sloping surface of the ground. The camera has a memory medium for storing the vertical distance and the minimum distance as vertical distance data and minimum distance data, respectively.

Abstract: An electronic measuring apparatus having a plurality of measuring modes. Each one of the plurality of measuring modes is selectively set to perform a corresponding operation. The electronic measuring apparatus includes a plurality of operational buttons. Information which associates one of the plurality of operational buttons with one of the plurality of measuring modes is stored in a memory. It is then distinguished which one of the plurality of operational buttons has been operated. Information stored in the memory, which associates the distinguished one of the plurality of operational buttons with the one of the plurality of measuring modes is searched and an operation unique to the one of the plurality of measuring modes which is associated with the distinguished one of the plurality of operational buttons is performed.