Abstract: An object is to provide a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery that has an SEI coating with a special structure and has excellent battery characteristics. As an electrolytic solution of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, an electrolytic solution containing: a salt whose cation is an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, or aluminum and whose cation is an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, or aluminum; and an organic solvent having a heteroelement is used, wherein, Is>Io is satisfied, and an S,O-containing coating having an S?O structure is formed on the surface of a positive electrode and/or a negative electrode. Alternatively, the above described electrolytic solution is used, and, as a binding agent for negative electrodes, a binding agent formed of a polymer having a hydrophilic group is used.

Abstract: To provide a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery that suppresses elution of Al from a positive electrode current collector formed of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and is superior in thermal characteristics and input-output characteristics. Provided is a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution. The positive electrode has a positive electrode current collector formed of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The electrolytic solution contains a metal salt and an organic solvent having a heteroelement. Regarding an intensity of a peak derived from the organic solvent in a vibrational spectroscopy spectrum of the electrolytic solution, Is>Io is satisfied when an intensity of an original peak of the organic solvent is represented as Io and an intensity of a peak resulting from shifting of the original peak is represented as Is.

Abstract: A low-cost positive electrode material for sodium ion secondary batteries has a high redox potential. A sodium ion secondary battery uses this material as a positive electrode active material. The positive electrode active material for sodium ion secondary batteries contains a sulfate represented by NamMn(SO4)3 (in which M represents a transition metal element; m is 2±2x (in which x satisfies 0?x?0.5); and n is 2±y (in which y satisfies 0?y?0.5)).

Abstract: To improve battery characteristics by an optimum combination of an electrolytic solution and a negative electrode active material. An electrolytic solution of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery contains a metal salt, and an organic solvent having a heteroatom and satisfying, regarding an intensity of a peak derived from the organic solvent in a vibrational spectroscopy spectrum, Is>Io, when an intensity of an original peak of the organic solvent is represented as Io and an intensity of a peak resulting from shifting of the original peak is represented as Is. As a negative electrode, any of the following (1) to (5) is used: (1) a graphite whose G/D ratio, which is a ratio of G-band and D-band peaks in a Raman spectrum, is not lower than 3.

Abstract: A positive electrode of a nonaqueous secondary battery has a positive electrode active material including at least one selected from lithium metal complex oxides having a layered rock salt structure, lithium metal complex oxides having a spinel structure, and polyanion based materials. The electrolytic solution contains a metal salt whose cation is an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, or aluminum, and an organic solvent having a heteroelement. Regarding an intensity of a peak derived from the organic solvent in a vibrational spectroscopy spectrum of the electrolytic solution, when an intensity of an original peak of the organic solvent is represented as Io and an intensity of a peak resulting from shifting of the original peak is represented as Is; Is>Io is satisfied. The nonaqueous secondary battery may have a usage maximum potential of the positive electrode of not lower than 4.5 V when Li/Li+ is used for reference potential.

Abstract: Provided is an electrolytic solution in which a metal salt and a solvent exist in a new state. The electrolytic solution of the present invention is an electrolytic solution containing a salt whose cation is an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, or aluminum, and an organic solvent having a heteroelement. Regarding an intensity of a peak derived from the organic solvent in a vibrational spectroscopy spectrum of the electrolytic solution, Is>Io is satisfied when an intensity of an original peak of the organic solvent is represented as Io and an intensity of a peak resulting from shifting of the original peak is represented as Is.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cell that has a high theoretical voltage and theoretical capacity, and can be discharged and recharged multiple times. The cell includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte, wherein the cathode contains a cathode active material containing an alkali metal compound represented by the formula (1): AxOy??(1) (wherein A is an alkali metal atom, x is 0.5 to 2.5, and y is 0.5 to 2.5), the anode contains an anode active material containing at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal, tin, titanium, boron, nitrogen, silicon, and carbon, and the cathode, the anode, and the electrolyte are hermetically sealed in the cell.

Abstract: To provide a positive electrode active material containing a pyrophosphate compound, ensuring that mixing of impurities is easily prevented to facilitate the synthesis and a high capacity battery is obtained, and a lithium ion battery using the positive electrode material. That is, the present invention relates to a pyrophosphate compound represented by the formula: Li2M1-xFexP2O7 (wherein M represents one or more elements selected from Mn, Zr, Mg, Co, Ni, V and Cu, and 0.3?x?0.9).

Abstract: A new electrolytic solution system for lithium secondary batteries. Provided is a lithium secondary battery electrolytic solution containing a nonaqueous solvent and a lithium salt. The nonaqueous solvent is mixed at an amount of not more than 3 mol with respect to 1 mol of the lithium salt.

Abstract: The present invention has features in that a lithium transition metal silicate obtained by sintering a mixture containing a transition metal compound containing at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of Mn, Fe, Co and Ni; a lithium compound; and a silicon-based polymer compound, is used as a positive electrode material for a secondary battery. The lithium transition metal silicate of the present invention has a high lithium occlusion and release efficiency per unit amount of a transition metal. A secondary battery in which the cost is low, stability and safety are high, and superior charge and discharge characteristics are exhibited can be provided.

Abstract: To provide a positive electrode active material containing a pyrophosphate compound, ensuring that mixing of impurities is easily prevented to facilitate the synthesis and a high capacity battery is obtained, and a lithium ion battery using the positive electrode material. That is, the present invention relates to a pyrophosphate compound represented by the formula: Li2M1-xFexP2O7 (wherein M represents one or more elements selected from Mn, Zr, Mg, Co, Ni, V and Cu, and 0.3?x?0.9).

Abstract: A polishing pad which comprises a laminate of an abrasive layer with a cushioning layer. The abrasive layer has a Microrubber A hardness of 75 degrees or higher and a thickness of 0.8-3.0 mm. The cushioning layer comprises an unfoamed elastomer and has a thickness of 0.05-1.5 mm. The abrasive layer has at least two kinds of grooves formed in the surface. One of the two kinds of grooves is first grooves and the other is second grooves. The first grooves each has a groove width of 0.5-1.2 mm, and has a groove pitch of 7.5-50 mm. The second grooves each has a groove width of 1.5-3 mm, and has a groove pitch of 20-50 mm. Each of the first grooves and each of the second grooves are open to side edge faces of the abrasive layer.

Abstract: The present invention has features in that a lithium transition metal silicate obtained by sintering a mixture containing a transition metal compound containing at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of Mn, Fe, Co and Ni; a lithium compound; and a silicon-based polymer compound, is used as a positive electrode material for a secondary battery. The lithium transition metal silicate of the present invention has a high lithium occlusion and release efficiency per unit amount of a transition metal. A secondary battery in which the cost is low, stability and safety are high, and superior charge and discharge characteristics are exhibited can be provided.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery employing a positive electrode active material containing a compound represented by the general formula LixMyPO4, where 0<x?2 and 0.8?y?1.2, with M containing a 3d transition metal, where LixMyPO4 encompasses that with the grain size not larger than 10 ?m. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has superior cyclic characteristics and a high capacity.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery employing a positive electrode active material containing a compound represented by the general formula LixMyPO4, where 0<x?2 and 0.8?y?1.2, with M containing a 3d transition metal, where LixMyPO4 encompasses that with the grain size not larger than 10 ?m. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has superior cyclic characteristics and a high capacity.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery employing a positive electrode active material containing a compound represented by the general formula LixMyPO4, where 0<x?2 and 0.8?y?1.2, with M containing a 3d transition metal, where LixMyPO4 encompasses that with the grain size not larger than 10 ?m. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has superior cyclic characteristics and a high capacity.

Abstract: A power generating apparatus includes a proton conductor unit, containing a fullerene derivative, a hydrogen electrode bonded to one surface of the proton conductor unit, an oxygen electrode bonded to the other surface of the proton conductor unit, and a hydrogen gas supplying unit for supplying a hydrogen gas at a pressure of approximately 0.2 to approximately 3.5 atm to the hydrogen electrode. The present power generating apparatus effectively suppresses transmission of hydrogen and oxygen gases so that it is possible to prevent the hydrogen gas from being emitted to atmosphere due to transmission as well as to prevent the oxygen gas from reaching the hydrogen electrode on transmission to prevent the hydrogen gas from being consumed without contributing to power generation.

Abstract: A method for generating hydrogen gas, an apparatus for producing hydrogen gas, and an energy conversion system, which are so designed as to generate hydrogen extremely efficiently without the help of catalyst are provided. The hydrogen gas is generated by decomposing a metal hydride in a mixture composed of said metal hydride, water, and a second solution which has a pH value lower than that of the aqueous solution of said metal hydride wherein the metal hydride is represented by a formula: ?z(1-x)?zx[BHy], where ? and ? are mutually different elements selected from Groups 1A, 2A, and 2B of the periodic table; and x, y, and z are defined respectively by 0?x?1, 3<y<6, and 0<z<3.

Abstract: A hydrogen occluding material which occludes much more hydrogen than conventional alkali metal hydride (such as NaAlH4) through reversible reactions and yet permits hydrogen occlusion and release in one stage at a lower operating temperature, and a method for using said hydrogen occluding material are provided. A hydrogen occluding material which comprises an aluminum hydride represented by the formula (1) below. AlHx ??(1) (where 0?x?3.) A method for using a hydrogen occluding material, said method comprising hydrogenating and/or dehydrogenating at 200° C. or below a hydrogen occluding material composed of an aluminum hydride represented by the formula (1) above.

Abstract: Reflux systems and methods for purifying carbon nanostructures using same are provided. The reflux system includes a solvent flask, an extraction tube connected to the solvent flask by a siphon tube and a vapor tube each extending between the extraction tube and the solvent flask, and an energy application disposed around the bottom portion of the extraction tube. The reflux systems can be used in a one-step method of purifying carbon nanostructures that includes placing a soot sample that contains the carbon nanostructures and amorphous carbon in a filter and disposing the filter in the extraction tube.