Abstract: Disclosed is an ulcer model used to practice a procedure including hemorrhage arrest, the ulcer model including a model main body which includes upper and lower surfaces facing each other and a tubular simulated blood vessel path provided between the upper surface and the lower surface and having an inlet opening and an outlet opening. The upper surface includes a ring-shaped raised surface that rises in a thickness direction of the model main body and a simulated ulcer surface that is a recessed bottom surface surrounded by the raised surface. The simulated blood vessel path extends from a part other than the upper surface of the surfaces of the model main body to the simulated ulcer surface or an area in the vicinity of the inside thereof.

Abstract: A power transmission device includes power transmission coils arranged in a line, a power transmission circuit connected to the power transmission coils, and control circuitry that switches an electrical connection between the power transmission circuit and each power transmission coil, detects a relative position between the power receiving coil and each power transmission coil, selects two or more power transmission coils adjacent to each other based on the detected relative position, and causes the power transmission circuit to supply the AC power to the selected two or more power transmission coils. In an array direction of the power transmission coils, a width Dwt of each power transmission coil is shorter than a width Dwr of the power receiving coil. In a direction perpendicular to the array direction, a width Dlt of each power transmission coil is equal to or longer than a width Dlr of the power receiving coil.

Abstract: A fabrication method of a thermoelectric conversion element includes forming a first metal layer containing Cu on a first surface of a thermoelectric conversion layer, and forming a first electrode and a first intermediate layer from the first metal layer. The thermoelectric conversion layer is composed of a thermoelectric conversion material containing Mg and at least one kind of element selected from the group consisting of Sb and Bi, the first intermediate layer is provided between the thermoelectric conversion layer and the first electrode, the first intermediate layer is in contact with the thermoelectric conversion layer, the first electrode is in contact with the first intermediate layer, and a composition of the first intermediate layer is different from both a composition of the first electrode and a composition of the thermoelectric conversion layer.

Abstract: An optical waveguide element includes a substrate, an optical waveguide disposed inside the substrate or on the substrate, and an electrode provided along the optical waveguide, working on the optical waveguide to generate a phase change in a light wave propagating through the optical waveguide. The electrode is a traveling-wave electrode. In a modulation section where the light wave is controlled by the electrode, the electrode and the optical waveguide are configured so that the phase change generated in a first modulation section located within a predetermined distance range from a downstream side end portion along a propagation direction of a traveling wave of an electrical signal propagating through the electrode has a sign opposite to a sign of the phase change generated in a second modulation section located within a predetermined distance range from an input end of the electrical signal on an upstream side along the propagation direction.

Abstract: To provide a photodetector which enables reception of massively parallel optical communication, and with which a large volume of data for multi-mode transmission or multi-core transmission can be received instantaneously at once. A photodetector comprising a two-dimensional photodetector array in which a plurality of photodetectors 9 are arranged in a two-dimensional array, and which includes a wire 12 having a width of not more than 4 ?m between the plurality of photodetectors. Each of the photodetectors has a light reception area with a side measuring not more than 100 ?m. The plurality of photodetectors arranged in a two-dimensional array are spaced apart from each other by not less than 20 ?m.

Abstract: To provide a method and device capable of easily measuring the CMRR vs. frequency characteristics of an optical receiver. Light having a measurement frequency (? [hz]) is split into two different paths, and a first optical two-tone signal, which is signal light and has a frequency difference (???? [hz]), and a second optical two-tone signal, which is local light and has a frequency difference (?+?? [hz]), are obtained and input into a coherent receiver to be measured, wherein electrical signals output from the receiver are measured to obtain both the ratio of the intensity of a signal component having the frequency ???? [hz] to the intensity of a signal component having the frequency ? [hz], which corresponds to the CMRR on the signal light side, and the ratio of the intensity of a signal component having the frequency ?+?? [hz] to the intensity of the signal component having the frequency ? [hz], which corresponds to the CMRR on the local light side.

Abstract: To provide a method whereby a bias voltage capable of easily realizing a required extinction ratio can be controlled by utilizing a high-extinction ratio modulator even when a generic AD converter/control board is used, and a device for realizing the method. In the present invention, the step quantity (variation quantity) ?V of a control voltage is no more than 0.1 times the half-wave voltage V? [V]. For example, in the case of searching for the minimum point, the light intensity is measured when a bias that is larger by the step voltage ?V and a bias that is smaller by the step voltage ?V are applied, the current bias voltage being used as a reference, and the bias voltage is moved toward the smaller of the measured light intensities. The process of setting the moved bias voltage as a reference, comparing the light intensities for the bias points in both neighboring positions, and changing the reference bias voltage is then repeated.

Abstract: To provide a photodetector which enables reception of massively parallel optical communication, and with which a large volume of data for multi-mode transmission or multi-core transmission can be received instantaneously at once. A photodetector comprising a two-dimensional photodetector array in which a plurality of photodetectors 9 are arranged in a two-dimensional array, and which includes a wire 12 having a width of not more than 4 ?m between the plurality of photodetectors. Each of the photodetectors has a light reception area with a side measuring not more than 100 ?m. The plurality of photodetectors arranged in a two-dimensional array are spaced apart from each other by not less than 20 ?m.

Abstract: To provide a method whereby a bias voltage capable of easily realizing a required extinction ratio can be controlled by utilizing a high-extinction ratio modulator even when a generic AD converter/control board is used, and a device for realizing the method. In the present invention, the step quantity (variation quantity) ?V of a control voltage is no more than 0.1 times the half-wave voltage V? [V]. For example, in the case of searching for the minimum point, the light intensity is measured when a bias that is larger by the step voltage ?V and a bias that is smaller by the step voltage ?V are applied, the current bias voltage being used as a reference, and the bias voltage is moved toward the smaller of the measured light intensities. The process of setting the moved bias voltage as a reference, comparing the light intensities for the bias points in both neighboring positions, and changing the reference bias voltage is then repeated.

Abstract: To provide a method and device capable of easily measuring the CMRR vs. frequency characteristics of an optical receiver. Light having a measurement frequency (? [hz]) is split into two different paths, and a first optical two-tone signal, which is signal light and has a frequency difference (???? [hz]), and a second optical two-tone signal, which is local light and has a frequency difference (?-?? [hz]), are obtained and input into a coherent receiver to be measured, wherein electrical signals output from the receiver are measured to obtain both the ratio of the intensity of a signal component having the frequency ???? [hz] to the intensity of a signal component having the frequency ? [hz], which corresponds to the CMRR on the signal light side, and the ratio of the intensity of a signal component having the frequency ?+?? [hz] to the intensity of the signal component having the frequency ? [hz], which corresponds to the CMRR on the local light side.

Abstract: There is provided a photoelectric converter that converts an optical signal into an electrical signal for amplification, the photoelectric converter including a photoelectric conversion element that converts the optical signal into an electrical signal and outputs the electrical signal from an output terminal, a high-frequency amplifier that includes an input terminal of an electrical signal output from the output terminal and a DC cut-off capacitor which is disposed at an output stage of the input terminal and is serially connected to the input terminal and that amplifies the electrical signal, and an inductance element that is disposed between a bias power supply applying bias voltage or bias current to the photoelectric conversion element and the input terminal and which is connected in parallel to the DC cut-off capacitor.

Abstract: To provide a method for performing phase control of coherent two light wave signals while maintaining coherence in the state of the light signal, and a device which realizes such a method, there is provided, as illustrated in FIG. 1, a phase adjustment device 1 for two light waves including: a two light wave source 3, a wavelength separator 5, a first phase modulator 7, and a second phase modulator 9, whereby coherent two light waves are used as input signals to perform wavelength separation of those input signals thereafter to control optical phases of the respective light signals thereafter to multiplex them by using a multiplexer 11, thus to be able to obtain an output signal of which optical phase has been adjusted.

Abstract: To provide a self-homodyne detection communication system capable of using a space-division multiplexing signal as a signal for communication. The present invention relates to a space-division multiplexing apparatus 12 including a multi-core fiber 11 having multiple cores. The space-division multiplexing apparatus 12 uses cores other than a core 13 for self-homodyne detection among the multiple cores included in the multi-core fiber 11 as cores 16 for communication. The space-division multiplexing apparatus is configured to include a pilot-tone guiding unit 14 and a self-homodyne detection unit 15.

Abstract: The optical modulator includes optical modulation units. The plurality of optical modulation units is disposed in parallel on the same substrate. One input waveguide branches off to be connected to the Mach-Zehnder type optical waveguide of each optical modulation unit, and an entire optical waveguide is formed such that outputs from the Mach-Zehnder type optical waveguides are combined and output through one output waveguide. A modulation signal with the same intensity is applied to a modulation electrode of each optical modulation unit. In at least some of the optical modulation units, mechanical structures including the modulation electrodes of the optical modulation units are configured such that an amplitude value of an optical output modulated by the modulation signal of the optical modulation unit is ½n (n is a natural number) of a maximum amplitude value in other optical modulation units.

Abstract: A high-speed communication control system is provided to resolve the problem of transmission delay, while a communication capacity is ensured. A communication system includes a transmission station 13 and a reception station 15. A communication system 17 includes an optical fiber line 19 and a wireless path 21 that connect the transmission station 13 to the reception station 15 so that information is transmitted and received. The transmission station 13 includes a communication control unit 11 that controls a communication path. The reception station 15 is able to communicate with the transmission station 13. The communication control unit 11 controls whether the information is transmitted to the reception station 15 via one of the optical fiber line 19 and the wireless path 21.

Abstract: To provide a self-homodyne detection communication system capable of using a space-division multiplexing signal as a signal for communication. The present invention relates to a space-division multiplexing apparatus 12 including a multi-core fiber 11 having multiple cores. The space-division multiplexing apparatus 12 uses cores other than a core 13 for self-homodyne detection among the multiple cores included in the multi-core fiber 11 as cores 16 for communication. The space-division multiplexing apparatus is configured to include a pilot-tone guiding unit 14 and a self-homodyne detection unit 15.

Abstract: A high-speed communication control system is provided to resolve the problem of transmission delay, while a communication capacity is ensured. A communication system includes a transmission station 13 and a reception station 15. A communication system 17 includes an optical fiber line 19 and a wireless path 21 that connect the transmission station 13 to the reception station 15 so that information is transmitted and received. The transmission station 13 includes a communication control unit 11 that controls a communication path. The reception station 15 is able to communicate with the transmission station 13. The communication control unit 11 controls whether the information is transmitted to the reception station 15 via one of the optical fiber line 19 and the wireless path 21.

Abstract: An information processing device includes a display, an access unit for accessing a storage medium, and a display control unit referring to the storage medium and causing the display to display text. The storage medium stores at least one text data. Each of the text data includes at least one text for which a display attribute value is set. In a first mode, the display control unit causes the text to be displayed within a first display area of the display in a display manner in accordance with an associated display attribute value. In a second mode, the display control unit causes the text to be displayed within a second display area smaller than the first display area of the display in a predetermined display manner independent of the associated display attribute value.

Abstract: An electronic data outputting section switches output electronic data from one electronic data to another electronic data. Upon the switching, a sameness judging section judges whether or not audio data associated with the electronic data that is currently being outputted and audio data associated with the new electronic data that is to be outputted are identical to each other. When the sameness judging section judges that they are identical to each other, the audio data outputting section keeps on outputting the audio data that is currently being outputted. This prevents such unnatural audio playback that a sound supposed to be continuously played back is temporarily stopped and then is played back again upon the switching of the content playback.

Abstract: An electronic data outputting section switches output electronic data from one electronic data to another electronic data. Upon the switching, a sameness judging section judges whether or not audio data associated with the electronic data that is currently being outputted and audio data associated with the new electronic data that is to be outputted are identical to each other. When the sameness judging section judges that they are identical to each other, the audio data outputting section keeps on outputting the audio data that is currently being outputted. This prevents such unnatural audio playback that a sound supposed to be continuously played back is temporarily stopped and then is played back again upon the switching of the content playback.