Abstract: Provided is a surface-modified nanodiamond having excellent dispersibility in an organic solvent, and a method capable of introducing various surface-modifying groups and easily producing surface-modified nanocarbon particles with little zirconia contamination. The surface-modified nanodiamond includes nanodiamond particles and a group that surface-modifies the nanodiamond particles and is represented by Formula (1): —X—R1 (1) [where X represents —NH—, —O—, —O—C(?O)—, —C(?O)—O—, —NH—C(?O)—, —C(?O)—NH—, or —S—; the bond extending left from X is bonded to a nanodiamond particle; R1 represents a monovalent organic group that does not have a hydroxy group, carboxy group, amino group, mono-substituted amino group, terminal alkenyl group, and terminal epoxy group; an atom bound to X is a carbon atom; and a molar ratio of carbon atoms to the total amount of heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, sulfur atoms, and silicon atoms is 4.5 or greater.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to Li-ion battery with an anode, a cathode, a porous separator membrane, and an electrolyte that fills pores in the anode, the cathode, and the porous separator membrane; and a porous separator membrane and methods of generating the same.

Abstract: Methods for disaggregating nanodiamond clusters, for example, by using sonication to break apart nanodiamond aggregates in an aqueous slurry having an alkaline pH. Compositions, such as aqueous nanodiamond dispersions and dry particulate compositions can be produced using these methods.

Abstract: Provided is a battery electrolytic solution in which a nanocarbon material is highly dispersed. The battery electrolytic solution contains: a dispersion medium; an electrolyte dissolved in the dispersion medium; and a nanocarbon material dispersed with an average dispersed particle size of 500 nm or less in the dispersion medium. The battery electrolytic solution preferably contains the nanocarbon material in an amount from 10 to 100000 mass ppm. The nanocarbon material is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a nanodiamond, a fullerene, a graphene, a graphene oxide, a nanographite, a carbon nanotube, a carbon nanofilament, an onion-like carbon, a diamond-like carbon, an amorphous carbon, a carbon black, a carbon nanohorn, and a carbon nanocoil.

Abstract: Provided are: a polyglycerin-chain surface-modified nanodiamond having excellent dispersibility in a low-polarity solvent; and a method of producing the polyglycerin-chain surface-modified nanodiamond. A surface-modified nanodiamond 1 includes a nanodiamond particle 2 and a surface-modifying group 3 that surface-modifies the nanodiamond particle 2, the surface-modifying group 3 having a polyglycerin chain in which a hydrogen atom of at least some of the hydroxyl groups in the polyglycerin chain is substituted by a monovalent organic group.

Abstract: Provided is a surface-modified nanodiamond having excellent dispersibility in an organic solvent, and a method capable of introducing various surface-modifying groups and easily producing surface-modified nanocarbon particles with little zirconia contamination. The surface-modified nanodiamond includes nanodiamond particles and a group that surface-modifies the nanodiamond particles and is represented by Formula (1): —X—R1 (1) [where X represents —NH—, —O—, —O—C(?O)—, —C(?O)—O—, —NH—C(?O)—, —C(?O)—NH—, or —S—; the bond extending left from X is bonded to a nanodiamond particle; R1 represents a monovalent organic group that does not have a hydroxy group, carboxy group, amino group, mono-substituted amino group, terminal alkenyl group, and terminal epoxy group; an atom bound to X is a carbon atom; and a molar ratio of carbon atoms to the total amount of heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, sulfur atoms, and silicon atoms is 4.5 or greater.

Abstract: Provided is a polyoxyalkylene-chain surface-modified nanodiamond that is excellent in safety during production and in productivity. A surface-modified nanodiamond according to the present invention includes a nanodiamond particle and a surface-modifying group having a polyoxyalkylene chain and a silicon atom, the surface-modifying group surface-modifying the nanodiamond particle. A nanodiamond dispersion composition according to the present invention includes a dispersion medium and the surface-modified nanodiamond dispersed in the dispersion medium.

Abstract: Provided is a surface-modified nanodiamond that has high dispersibility in an organic solvent or in a resin and that can maintain the characteristics described above even in a high-temperature environment of 200° C. or higher. The surface-modified nanodiamond according to an embodiment of the present invention has a structure in which a surface of a nanodiamond particle is modified by a group represented by Formula (1) below. In the formula, R1 to R4 are the same or different and each represent an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 25 carbons. Note that at least one of R1 to R4 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 10 to 25 carbons. Furthermore, an atomic bond of the carbon atom in the formula bonds to the surface of the nanodiamond particle.

Abstract: An elastic member 43 comprises a crystalline resin. The elastic member is fixed to a piezoelectric element 42 that generates vibration in response to application of an AC voltage, is in contact with a movable body 45 in use, and flexurally vibrates in response to the vibration of the piezoelectric element 42 to drive the movable body 45. The elastic member 43 may have a tooth 43b on an opposite side with respect to a side fixed to the piezoelectric element 42. The crystalline resin may be a poly(aryl ketone) resin or a poly(phenylene sulfide) resin. The piezoelectric actuator has an excellent transmission of flexural vibration. In a case where a displacement expansion element of a displacement-expanding piezoelectric actuator is formed from a crystalline resin, the actuator greatly amplifies an expansion and contraction displacement of a piezoelectric element.

Abstract: A mounting board of the invention includes: an insulative base; a plurality of first conductive elements provided on the insulative base and having lands; a plurality of second conductive elements disposed on the lands; a plurality of solder pieces each disposed on each of the second conductive elements; and an electronic component which includes electrode sections each contacting each of the solder pieces, wherein the first conductive elements are made from a first element that contains at least silver; the second conductive elements are made from a second element that contains at least copper; and the solder pieces are made from a third element that contains at least tin.

Abstract: A mounting board of the invention includes: an insulative base; a plurality of first conductive elements provided on the insulative base and having lands; a plurality of second conductive elements disposed on the lands; a plurality of solder pieces each disposed on each of the second conductive elements; and an electronic component which includes electrode sections each contacting each of the solder pieces, wherein the first conductive elements are made from a first element that contains at least silver; the second conductive elements are made from a second element that contains at least copper; and the solder pieces are made from a third element that contains at least tin.

Abstract: A composite material is disclosed which includes a substrate, an oriented film provided on a surface of the substrate and formed of a crystal of a Y123 metal oxide of the formula LnBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.y wherein Ln stands for Y or an element belonging to the lanthanoid and y is a number of 6-7, and a layer of a Y123 metal oxide of the formula LnBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.y wherein Ln stands for Y or an element belonging to the lanthanoid and y is a number of 6-7 formed on the oriented film.

Abstract: An oxide superconductor capable of realizing a high critical current density and its manufacturing method requiring only a low temperature heat treatment. An oxide superconductor has a superconductive layer with a composition of RE.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.7-x, where RE stands for any one of rare earth elements including Y, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, and Yb, which is formed on the substrate by RE.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.7-x phase and CuO phase resulting from a decomposition of RE.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.4 O.sub.8 phase, in which the CuO phase and micro-defects caused by the decomposition function as pinning centers. This superconductive layer is formed by applying a solution containing organic compounds of a plurality of metallic elements for constituting the oxide superconductive layer; calcining the substrate applied with the solution to obtain a calcined body in which the organic compounds contained in the solution are thermally decomposed; heating the calcined body to produce RE.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.

Abstract: A composite material is disclosed which includes a substrate, an oriented film provided on a surface of the substrate and formed of a crystal of a Y123 metal oxide of the formula LnBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.y wherein Ln stands for Y or an element belonging to the lanthanoid and y is a number of 6-7, and a layer of a Y123 metal oxide of the formula LnBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.y wherein Ln stands for Y or an element belonging to the lanthanoid and y is a number of 6-7 formed on the oriented film.

Abstract: The generation of a reaction product is suppressed between a metallic substrate and plasma in depositing a ceramic intermediate layer on the metallic substrate in a process for depositing an oxide film on the metallic substrate by thermal plasma flash evaporation method. Thus, there is no reaction phase in the ceramic intermediate layer and the metallic substrate, and an intermediated buffer layer of only oxide ceramic is deposited on a flat surface of the metallic substrate. The intermediate ceramic layer is deposited in inert atmosphere of a low oxygen concentration at a temperature of less than 600.degree. C. for the metallic substrate. Then, a superconducting thin film is deposited on the ceramic intermediate layer.

Abstract: A method of producing a superconductor including a superconductive oxide. At least one material is pressed for forming a filling material, the at least one material being selected from the group consisting of a starting material powder of the superconductive oxide, a powder of the superconductive oxide and a compact made of the starting material powder and/or the superconductive oxide powder, for forming a filling material. The filling material is charged into a metallic pipe to form a preform. The preform is moved along an axis thereof. During moving, the preform is swaged perpendicularly to the axis thereof to form a composite having a metallic sheath, made of the metallic pipe, and a core sheathed with the metallic sheath. The core of the composite is heated for producing the superconductive oxide.