Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for evaluating a differentiation status of cells using a culture supernatant of stem cells. Provided is “undifferentiation sugar chain marker” composed of the sugar chain structure “Fuc?1-2Gal?1-3GlcNAc” or “Fuc?1-2Gal?1-3GalNAc” and capable of sensitively determining the undifferentiated state of stem cells using a culture supernatant of stem cells. Also found is BC2LCN lectin or a modified product thereof capable of sensitively recognizing the “undifferentiation sugar chain marker” as excellent “probe for detecting the undifferentiation sugar chain marker” capable of determining the undifferentiation status of cells using a culture supernatant.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to develop: a method for selectively separating a glycoprotein derived from the central nervous system from a body fluid or a central nervous system cell; and a method for searching for an index marker for central nervous system diseases, which utilizes the aforementioned method. A protein derived from the central nervous system, which occurs in a trace amount in a body fluid or a central nervous system cell, can be selectively enriched by a two-stage separation procedure comprising removing a glycoprotein having sialic acid at a non-reducing terminal thereof from the body fluid or the central nervous system cell and then separating a glycoprotein having N-acetylglucosamine at a non-reducing terminal thereof.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring a glycan-marker glycoprotein, by which liver disease can be detected with higher accuracy than is possible with conventional methods. Also, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for examining liver disease, by which liver disease can be detected with higher accuracy than is possible with conventional methods. Also, an object of the present invention is to provide a reagent for quantitative determination of a glycoprotein, which is used for the above measurement methods. Furthermore, an object of the present invention is to provide a glycan-marker glycoprotein as an index for clinical conditions of liver disease, which is capable of identifying the clinical conditions of liver disease depending on the progress of liver disease.

Abstract: An annular workplace quenching method includes: cooling an annular workpiece with an inner die arranged radially inward of the workpiece heated at a quenching temperature; pressing the workpiece in a width direction at a low pressure and inserting the workpiece in an outer die with restraint of an inner peripheral surface of the workpiece continued, when the restraint is started by contact with the inner die, after a temperature of the workpiece is decreased to 500° C. or lower but before the temperature is decreased to a martensitic transformation start temperature (Ms point); and restraining the workpiece in the width direction by pressing the workpiece in the width direction at a high pressure, and restraining an outer peripheral surface of the workpiece that undergoes volume expansion due to martensitic transformation, using the outer die, after the temperature of the workpiece is decreased to the Ms point or lower.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring a glycan-marker glycoprotein, by which liver disease can be detected with higher accuracy than is possible with conventional methods. Also, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for examining liver disease, by which liver disease can be detected with higher accuracy than is possible with conventional methods. Disclosed is a method for measuring at least one glycoprotein selected from alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and Mac-2-binding protein (M2BP) contained in a sample collected from a subject, comprising: measuring AGP binding to a first lectin selected from AOL and MAL, when the glycoprotein is AGP; and measuring M2BP binding to a second lectin selected from WFA, BPL, AAL, RCA120, and TJAII, when the glycoprotein is M2BP.

Abstract: An analyzer of the present invention for analyzing a glycan or a complex glycan includes a substrate, a fluorescent labeling excitation means and a fluorescent intensity measurement means. The substrate comprises a rectangle photoconductive base plate coated by a compound containing an active group to fix protein by an amino group thereof, one and more open-topped reaction vessel formed on a surface of the base plate, and plural spots of glycan binding proteins arranged in a matrix and immobilized on the surface of the base plate in the reaction vessel. The fluorescent labeling excitation means which excites fluorescent label by generating evanescent-waves on the surface of the substrate comprises a pair of optical fibers arranged toward the both side end faces of the right and left of the substrate to introduce a light thereinto.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to develop and provide a lung cancer differential marker with which lung cancer can be diagnosed conveniently and highly sensitively without depending only on increase or decrease in protein expression level between cancer patients and healthy persons. Another object of the present invention is to develop and provide a glycan marker capable of distinguishing histological types of lung cancer. Of serum glycoproteins, glycopeptide and glycoprotein groups whose glycan structures were altered specifically in lung cancer cell culture supernatants were identified, and they are provided as lung cancer differential markers.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for early, sensitively and reliably detecting and distinguishing intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in a malignant tumor occurring primarily in the liver in a simple way, and a kit thereof. In the method, a glycan biomarker consisting of a lectin WFA (Wisteria floribunda Agglutinin)-binding glycoprotein derived from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is used as a cancer marker to detect intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by detecting the cancer marker in a test specimen. The method for detecting intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma can clearly differentiate intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma from hepatocellular carcinoma and enables early detection and determination with a performance clinically acceptable in terms of applicability, sensitivity and precision.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to developing a glycan markers capable of detecting a hepatic disease, and more specifically to developing a glycan marker indicating a hepatic disease-state. Furthermore, the present invention is also directed to developing a glycan marker capable of distinguishing hepatic disease-states with the progress of hepatocarcinoma. The present inventors identified, among the serum glycoproteins, glycopeptides and glycoproteins in which a glycan structure specifically changes due to a hepatic diseases including hepatocarcinoma and provide these as novel glycan markers (glycopeptide and glycoprotein) specific to hepatic disease-states.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring a glycan-marker glycoprotein, by which liver disease can be detected with higher accuracy than is possible with conventional methods. Also, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for examining liver disease, by which liver disease can be detected with higher accuracy than is possible with conventional methods. Disclosed is a method for measuring at least one glycoprotein selected from alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and Mac-2-binding protein (M2BP) contained in a sample collected from a subject, comprising: measuring AGP binding to a first lectin selected from AOL and MAL, when the glycoprotein is AGP; and measuring M2BP binding to a second lectin selected from WFA, BPL, AAL, RCA120, and TJAII, when the glycoprotein is M2BP.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for early, sensitively and reliably detecting and distinguishing intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in a malignant tumor occurring primarily in the liver in a simple way, and a kit therefor. In the method, a glycan biomarker consisting of a lectin WFA (Wisteria floribunda Agglutinin)-binding glycoprotein derived from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is used as a cancer marker to detect intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by detecting the cancer marker in a test specimen. The method for detecting intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma can clearly differentiate intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma from hepatocellular carcinoma and enables early detection and determination with a performance clinically acceptable in terms of applicability, sensitivity and precision.

Abstract: An analyzer of the present invention for analyzing a glycan or a complex glycan includes a substrate, a fluorescent labeling excitation means and a fluorescent intensity measurement means. The substrate comprises a rectangle photoconductive base plate coated by a compound containing an active group to fix protein by an amino group thereof, one and more open-topped reaction vessel formed on a surface of the base plate, and plural spots of glycan binding proteins arranged in a matrix and immobilized on the surface of the base plate in the reaction vessel. The fluorescent labeling excitation means which excites fluorescent label by generating evanescent-waves on the surface of the substrate comprises a pair of optical fibers arranged toward the both side end faces of the right and left of the substrate to introduce a light thereinto.

Abstract: As a result of investigating the optimum conditions of methods for immobilizing proteins that interact with sugar chains onto a substrate, it was revealed that coating the surface of a slide glass with GTMS enables immobilization at a higher S/N ratio than conventionally possible. Moreover, by using a substrate to which a rubber with a number of holes was affixed to form a number of reaction vessels, and further by spotting lectins onto the substrate and washing with PBST, the weak interactions between sugar chains and lectins were successfully detected with improved sensitivity. In addition, by introducing an evanescent excitation-type scanner, it became possible to detect the interactions between lectins and sugar chains without washing away the probe solution.

Abstract: An analyzer for a glycan or a complex carbohydrate which comprises a substrate made of a photoconductive material having multiple types of glycan binding proteins provided and immobilized thereon a means of conducting light into the side edge face of the substrate and generating an evanescent wave on the substrate surface to thereby excite fluorescent labels, and a fluorescent intensity-measuring means of measuring the intensity of the fluorescence induced by the above means for each of the positions of the glycan binding proteins provided as described above. By using this analyzer, a glycan or a complex carbohydrate can be conveniently, quickly, highly sensitively and highly accurately analyzed.

Abstract: A method for collection of intact glycosaminoglycan from proteoglycan by cleaving a linkage region of core protein

Abstract: As a result of investigating the optimum conditions of methods for immobilizing proteins that interact with sugar chains onto a substrate, it was revealed that coating the surface of a slide glass with GTMS enables immobilization at a higher S/N ratio than conventionally possible. Moreover, by using a substrate to which a rubber with a number of holes was affixed to form a number of reaction vessels, and further by spotting lectins onto the substrate and washing with PBST, the weak interactions between sugar chains and lectins were successfully detected with improved sensitivity. In addition, by introducing an evanescent excitation-type scanner, it became possible to detect the interactions between lectins and sugar chains without washing away the probe solution.

Abstract: The present inventors discovered that lectins recognize extremely small differences in sugar chain structures, and that by using this ability to recognize sugar chain structures, numerous sugar chain structures can be distinguished using the strong or weak interaction patterns of about ten types of lectins. Therefore, by reference to and use of control interaction data, in which large amounts of data on the interactions between sugar chains and lectins have been collected, the structures of subject sugar chains can be identified, estimated, and such with high accuracy.

Abstract: Guanidine derivatives of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is [di(lower)alkylamino](lower)alkyl, morpholinyl(lower)alkyl, lower alkylpiperazinyl or [lower alkylpyrrolidinyl](lower)alkyl,R.sup.2 is halogen, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy, andR.sup.3 is halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy or mono(or di or tri)halo(lower)alkyl,and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof which are useful as a medicament.

Abstract: A process for preparing a pharmaceutical composition which comprises admixing a compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: Guanidine derivatives of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Y is C--R.sup.1(in which R.sup.1 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, etc.,)R.sup.2 is pyrrolyl, tetrazolyl, pyrazolyl, etc.,R.sup.3 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, etc.,Z is C--R.sup.4(in which R.sup.4 is hydrogen, carboxy, protected carboxy, nitro, halogen, hydroxy(lower)alkyl, etc.,), andW is R.sup.12(in which R.sup.12 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy, nitro, hydroxy or protected hydroxy)and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof which are useful as a medicament which are useful in inhibiting Na.sup.+ /H.sup.+ exchange in cells and in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, renal diseases, arteriosclerosis and shock.