Abstract: A coffee extract with increased coffee-specific aroma and reduced off-flavors is provided. The ratio of (A) the peak area ratio of 2,3-butanedione to (B) the sum of the peak area ratio of guaiacol and the peak area ratio of 4-ethylguaiacol [(A)/(B)] in the coffee extract is adjusted to a specific range. Alternatively, the ratio of (a) the concentration (ppb) of 2,3-butanedione to (b) the total concentration (ppb) of guaiacol and 4-ethylguaiacol [(a)/(b)] in the coffee extract is adjusted to a specific range.

Abstract: A method for producing a coffee extract with increased coffee-specific aroma and reduced off-flavors is provided. A coffee extract prepared by extraction at low temperature (70 to 120° C.) in the first extraction step is mixed with a coffee extract prepared by an evaporative concentration treatment after the second extraction step, in which roasted and ground coffee beans used in the first extraction step is used for extraction at high temperature (125 to 150° C.).

Abstract: In order to solve a conventional problem that it is difficult to reproduce a taste, a flavor, and the like of food, a food manufacturing support apparatus includes: an ingredient information storage unit in which two or more pieces of ingredient information are stored, the ingredient information each having one or more pieces of feature value specifying information for specifying an amount of each of one or more feature values contained in an ingredient of food, and an ingredient identifier for specifying the ingredient; a feature value recipe identifier information accepting unit that accepts feature value recipe identifier information for specifying two or more pieces of feature value specifying information respectively associated with two or more feature values; a determining unit that determines two or more ingredients and amounts of the ingredients that satisfy two or more pieces of feature value specifying information of the two or more feature values specified with the feature value recipe identifier i

Abstract: A process for separating a feed gas comprising a polar gas and a non-polar gas into a permeate gas and a retentate gas, one of which is enriched in the polar gas and the other of which is depleted in the polar gas, the process comprising passing the feed gas through a gas separation module comprising: (i) a feed carrier comprising a membrane envelope and a feed spacer located within the membrane envelope; and (ii) a permeate carrier comprising: (a) a macroporous sheet; and (b) a protective sheet; and wherein: i) the feed gas is fed along the feed spacer of the feed carrier and a part of the feed gas passes through the membrane envelope and into the permeate carrier to give the permeate gas and a part of the feed gas is rejected by the membrane to give the retentate gas; ii) the protective sheet shields at least a part of the membrane envelope from contact with the macroporous sheet; and iii) the protective sheet comprises a non-woven material.

Abstract: A method for producing a coffee extract with increased coffee-specific aroma and reduced off-flavors is provided. A coffee extract prepared by extraction at low temperature (70 to 120° C.) in the first extraction step is mixed with a coffee extract prepared by an evaporative concentration treatment after the second extraction step, in which roasted and ground coffee beans used in the first extraction step is used for extraction at high temperature (125 to 150° C.).

Abstract: A coffee extract with increased coffee-specific aroma and reduced off-flavors is provided. The ratio of (A) the peak area ratio of 2,3-butanedione to (B) the sum of the peak area ratio of guaiacol and the peak area ratio of 4-ethylguaiacol [(A)/(B)] in the coffee extract is adjusted to a specific range. Alternatively, the ratio of (a) the concentration (ppb) of 2,3-butanedione to (b) the total concentration (ppb) of guaiacol and 4-ethylguaiacol [(a)/(b)] in the coffee extract is adjusted to a specific range.

Abstract: Provided are a gas separation membrane which has a resin layer containing a compound having a siloxane bond, in which the resin layer containing a compound having a siloxane bond satisfies Expressions 1 and 2, and at least one of gas permeability or gas separation selectivity is high under high pressure; a method of producing a gas separation membrane; a gas separation membrane module; and a gas separator. 0.9?A/B?0.63??Expression 1 B?1.7??Expression 2 In the expressions, A represents an O/Si ratio that is a ratio of the number of oxygen atoms relative to the number of silicon atoms contained in the resin layer containing a compound having a siloxane bond at a depth of 10 nm from the surface of the resin layer containing a compound having a siloxane bond, and B represents an O/Si ratio that is a ratio of the number of oxygen atoms relative to the number of silicon atoms in the surface of the resin layer containing a compound having a siloxane bond.

Abstract: A gas separation membrane, the gas separation membrane module, and the gas separation device each have a support, a resin layer, a separation layer, and a protective layer in this order, in which the resin layer includes a compound having a siloxane bond, the protective layer is in direct contact with the separation layer, a composition of the protective layer is different from a composition of the resin layer, the composition of the protective layer is different from a composition of the separation layer, and the separation layer has a maximum value of a silicon atom content of 2 atomic % or less in a composition of a half area on a side of the protective layer in a thickness direction.

Abstract: A process for separating a feed gas comprising a polar gas and a non-polar gas into a permeate gas and a retentate gas, one of which is enriched in the polar gas and the other of which is depleted in the polar gas, the process comprising passing the feed gas through a gas separation module comprising: (i) a feed carrier comprising a membrane envelope and a feed spacer located within the membrane envelope; and (ii) a permeate carrier comprising: (a) a macroporous sheet; and (b) a protective sheet; and wherein: i) the feed gas is fed along the feed spacer of the feed carrier and a part of the feed gas passes through the membrane envelope and into the permeate carrier to give the permeate gas and a part of the feed gas is rejected by the membrane to give the retentate gas; ii) the protective sheet shields at least a part of the membrane envelope from contact with the macroporous sheet; and iii) the protective sheet comprises a non-woven material.

Abstract: A gas separation membrane, the gas separation membrane module, and the gas separation device include a first separation layer, and a second separation layer, the first separation layer has an Si/C ratio of 0.3 or less, the Si/C ratio being a ratio of the number of silicon atoms to the number of carbon atoms at the interface of the first separation layer on the second separation layer side, the second separation layer has a maximum value of an F/C ratio of 0.20 or more, the F/C ratio being a ratio of the number of fluorine atoms to the number of carbon atoms, and an Si/C ratio of 0.3 or less in a portion where the F/C ratio is maximum.

Abstract: A technique for accurately detecting a temperature of a sealing surface which is not affected by sealing conditions or the like is provided. A seal bar (1) is a rod-shaped seal bar having a sealing surface (11a) and includes a heater (13) and a temperature sensor (14). The heater (13) is provided in a main body of the seal bar (1) and extends in an extending direction (D1) of the main body (11). The temperature sensor (14) is provided at a position between the sealing surface (11a) and the heater (13) in the main body (11) of the seal bar (1) and is inserted into the main body (11) of the seal bar (1) from an end surface (upper end surface (112) or the like) which intersects a long side of the sealing surface (11a).

Abstract: Provided are a gas separation membrane which has a resin layer containing a compound having a siloxane bond, in which the resin layer containing a compound having a siloxane bond satisfies Expressions 1 and 2, and at least one of gas permeability or gas separation selectivity is high under high pressure; a method of producing a gas separation membrane; a gas separation membrane module; and a gas separator. 0.9?A/B?0.55??Expression 1 B?1.7??Expression 2 In the expressions, A represents an O/Si ratio that is a ratio of the number of oxygen atoms relative to the number of silicon atoms contained in the resin layer containing a compound having a siloxane bond at a depth of 10 nm from the surface of the resin layer containing a compound having a siloxane bond, and B represents an O/Si ratio that is a ratio of the number of oxygen atoms relative to the number of silicon atoms in the surface of the resin layer containing a compound having a siloxane bond.

Abstract: Provided are a gas separation membrane which has a resin layer containing a compound having a siloxane bond, in which the resin layer containing a compound having a siloxane bond satisfies Expressions 1 and 2, and at least one of gas permeability or gas separation selectivity is high under high pressure; a method of producing a gas separation membrane; a gas separation membrane module; and a gas separator. 0.9?A/B?0.63??Expression 1 B?1.7??Expression 2 In the expressions, A represents an O/Si ratio that is a ratio of the number of oxygen atoms relative to the number of silicon atoms contained in the resin layer containing a compound having a siloxane bond at a depth of 10 nm from the surface of the resin layer containing a compound having a siloxane bond, and B represents an O/Si ratio that is a ratio of the number of oxygen atoms relative to the number of silicon atoms in the surface of the resin layer containing a compound having a siloxane bond.

Abstract: A gas separation membrane, the gas separation membrane module, and the gas separation device each have a support, a resin layer, a separation layer, and a protective layer in this order, in which the resin layer includes a compound having a siloxane bond, the protective layer is in direct contact with the separation layer, a composition of the protective layer is different from a composition of the resin layer, the composition of the protective layer is different from a composition of the separation layer, and the separation layer has a maximum value of a silicon atom content of 2 atomic % or less in a composition of a half area on a side of the protective layer in a thickness direction.

Abstract: A gas separation membrane, the gas separation membrane module, and the gas separation device include a first separation layer, and a second separation layer, the first separation layer has an Si/C ratio of 0.3 or less, the Si/C ratio being a ratio of the number of silicon atoms to the number of carbon atoms at the interface of the first separation layer on the second separation layer side, the second separation layer has a maximum value of an F/C ratio of 0.20 or more, the F/C ratio being a ratio of the number of fluorine atoms to the number of carbon atoms, and an Si/C ratio of 0.3 or less in a portion where the F/C ratio is maximum.

Abstract: A gas barrier film includes a substrate film and an inorganic layer, in which the inorganic layer includes Si, N, H, and O, the inorganic layer includes a uniform region having a thickness of more than 5 nm at the center in a thickness direction, in the uniform region, a ratio of Si, N, H, and O is uniform and an O proportion is low, and either or both interface-contact regions of the inorganic layer are oxygen-containing regions in which the O proportion represented by the expression “O Proportion: (Number of O/Total Number of Si, N, and O)×100%” increases in a direction from the uniform region side to an interface and in which a variation of the O proportion per unit thickness is 2%/nm to 8%/nm.

Abstract: A technique for accurately detecting a temperature of a sealing surface which is not affected by sealing conditions or the like is provided. A seal bar (1) is a rod-shaped seal bar having a sealing surface (11a) and includes a heater (13) and a temperature sensor (14). The heater (13) is provided in a main body of the seal bar (1) and extends in an extending direction (D1) of the main body (11). The temperature sensor (14) is provided at a position between the sealing surface (11a) and the heater (13) in the main body (11) of the seal bar (1) and is inserted into the main body (11) of the seal bar (1) from an end surface (upper end surface (112) or the like) which intersects a long side of the sealing surface (11a).

Abstract: Provided are a gas separation membrane which has a resin layer containing a compound having a siloxane bond, in which the resin layer containing a compound having a siloxane bond satisfies Expressions 1 and 2, and at least one of gas permeability or gas separation selectivity is high under high pressure; a method of producing a gas separation membrane; a gas separation membrane module; and a gas separator. 0.9?A/B?0.55??Expression 1 B?1.7??Expression 2 In the expressions, A represents an O/Si ratio that is a ratio of the number of oxygen atoms relative to the number of silicon atoms contained in the resin layer containing a compound having a siloxane bond at a depth of 10 nm from the surface of the resin layer containing a compound having a siloxane bond, and B represents an O/Si ratio that is a ratio of the number of oxygen atoms relative to the number of silicon atoms in the surface of the resin layer containing a compound having a siloxane bond.

Abstract: A gas barrier film includes a substrate film and an inorganic layer, in which the inorganic layer includes Si, N, H, and O, the inorganic layer includes a uniform region having a thickness of more than 5 nm at the center in a thickness direction, in the uniform region, a ratio of Si, N, H, and O is uniform and an O proportion is low, and either or both interface-contact regions of the inorganic layer are oxygen-containing regions in which the O proportion represented by the expression “O Proportion: (Number of O/Total Number of Si, N, and O)×100%” increases in a direction from the uniform region side to an interface and in which a variation of the 0 proportion per unit thickness is 2%/nm to 8%/nm.

Abstract: A centrifugal fan includes an impeller, a motor portion, and a housing. The housing includes an upper plate portion, a lower plate portion arranged to have the motor portion fixed thereto; and a side wall portion. A flow control member is arranged to extend in a line along a boundary between an inside surface of the side wall portion and one of a lower surface of the upper plate portion and an upper surface of the lower plate portion. The flow control member includes a flow control surface arranged to extend radially outward from the one of the lower surface of the upper plate portion and the upper surface of the lower plate portion to the inside surface of the side wall portion while becoming more distant from the one of the lower surface of the upper plate portion and the upper surface of the lower plate portion.