Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide methods of discovering drugs effective for tough targets, which have conventionally been discovered only with difficulty. The present invention relates to novel methods for cyclizing peptide compounds, and novel peptide compounds and libraries comprising the same, to achieve the above object.

Abstract: [Task] A task is to improve the flexibility for setting a muffler and sufficiently secure the length of a catalyst while making a V-type engine compact. [Solution] A V-type engine (1) includes an engine body (3) including a crankcase (7) configured to rotatably support a crankshaft (11), and a first and second cylinder banks (8, 9) extending from the crankcase (7), an exhaust collecting pipe (31) connected to the first and second cylinder banks (8, 9), a catalyst (32) accommodated in the exhaust collecting pipe (31), and a muffler (33) detachably connected to the exhaust collecting pipe (31), wherein the catalyst (32) extends in a width direction of the engine body (3) from a distal end side of the first cylinder bank (8) to a distal end side of the second cylinder bank (9).

Abstract: An exhaust device of an engine includes: a muffler provided with a plurality of muffling chambers separated by a plurality of partition walls, a communication pipe accommodated in the muffler and penetrating at least one of the partition walls, and a catalyst accommodated in the muffler and penetrating at least one of the partition walls, wherein the muffling chambers include: a pair of first muffling chambers each provided with an inlet port for exhaust gas; a second muffling chamber communicating with the pair of first muffling chambers via the communication pipe; and a third muffling chamber communicating with the second muffling chamber via the catalyst.

Abstract: Engine includes: crankcase housing crankshaft extending in vertical direction; cylinder block mounted on side of crankcase and formed with cylinder; cylinder head mounted on side of cylinder block and provided with air inlet port and air outlet port communicating with cylinder; cylinder head cover mounted on side of cylinder head and covering air inlet port and air outlet port; mount case including: supporting portion provided below crankcase and cylinder block and supporting crankcase and cylinder block; and extending portion extending from supporting portion below cylinder head and cylinder head cover; oil pan provided below mount case and storing lubricating oil; and communication tube communicating first space formed between cylinder head and cylinder head cover and second space formed between mount case and oil pan. Communication tube is provided between cylinder head cover and extending portion.

Abstract: An exhaust device of an engine includes: a muffler provided with a plurality of muffling chambers separated by a plurality of partition walls, a communication pipe accommodated in the muffler and penetrating at least one of the partition walls, and a catalyst accommodated in the muffler and penetrating at least one of the partition walls, wherein the muffling chambers include: a pair of first muffling chambers each provided with an inlet port for exhaust gas; a second muffling chamber communicating with the pair of first muffling chambers via the communication pipe; and a third muffling chamber communicating with the second muffling chamber via the catalyst.

Abstract: Engine includes: crankcase housing crankshaft extending in vertical direction; cylinder block mounted on side of crankcase and formed with cylinder; cylinder head mounted on side of cylinder block and provided with air inlet port and air outlet port communicating with cylinder; cylinder head cover mounted on side of cylinder head and covering air inlet port and air outlet port; mount case including: supporting portion provided below crankcase and cylinder block and supporting crankcase and cylinder block; and extending portion extending from supporting portion below cylinder head and cylinder head cover; oil pan provided below mount case and storing lubricating oil; and communication tube communicating first space formed between cylinder head and cylinder head cover and second space formed between mount case and oil pan. Communication tube is provided between cylinder head cover and extending portion.