Abstract: A light emitting apparatus capable of efficiently generating high luminance white light is provided. The present invention permits white light to be generated, without using low-emission efficiency white light emitters, by forming a light emitter layer 16 using a high-light emission efficiency blue light emitter and yellow light emitter. In this case, having at least a part of the blue light emitter particles 17 and at least a part of the yellow light emitter particles 18 exposed at a surface of the light emitter layer 16, respectively, allows both of such particles to be directly bombarded with electrons, thereby effecting a highly efficient electron excitation.

Abstract: It calculates a capacity difference ESOC between a reference remaining capacity SOCV based on an open-circuit voltage and a final remaining capacity SOC in a previous one calculation cycle. It calculates a proportional correction amount and an integral correction amount according to a proportional-integral control by using this capacity difference ESOC, and requires a final remaining capacity SOC by adding a remaining capacity SOCI based on a current integration to these correction amounts. Thus, while making good use of the remaining capacity based on the battery open-circuit voltage, it can avoid the influence of the load fluctuation and require a remaining capacity always stable and accurate.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to radiate light towards the outside, improve the luminous efficiency and obtain a high-intensity externally radiated light without hindering the light from being emitted on the entire surface of a phosphor layer. A glass substrate 2, that forms a light projection window, and a glass substrate 3, that forms a base bottom surface, are oppositely disposed at a predetermined interval to form a vacuum chamber, an anode electrode 5 is provided at a region at the center of the glass substrate 3, and a cathode electrode 6 is provided at a region on both sides of the anode electrode 5. A phosphor layer 7 is formed as a film on the anode electrode 5, an electron emission source 8 is formed as a film on the cathode electrode 6, and a gate electrode 9 is arranged above the electron emission source 8.

Abstract: A light-emitting apparatus of the present invention maintains an anode electrode 5 at a higher positive electric potential than a cathode electrode 15, applies an electric field to a cold-cathode electron emission source 16 by controlling a gate voltage applied to the cathode electrode 15 with a gate electrode 10, and emits excitation light from a phosphor 6 irradiated by an electron beam released from the cold-cathode electron emission source 16. The light-emitting apparatus of this invention emits the excitation light not only from the opposite side of the electron beam-irradiated surface of the phosphor 6 through a glass substrate 2, but also from the electron bean-irradiated surface of the phosphor 6 by reflecting the excitation light with a gate reflection surface 12 on the gate electrode 10 and emitting it through an unobstructed area Ro of the glass substrate 2.

Abstract: A hybrid vehicle is driven by one or both of an engine and a drive motor. The engine is started by a power generating motor, and power generated by the engine is supplied to a battery. An engine-power transmission path is provided with a coupling for being shifted to a connection state of transmitting engine power to drive wheels and a disconnection state of cutting off the transmission. In connecting the coupling while the drive motor is driven and transmitting engine torque, a revolution speed of the power generating motor is controlled based on that of the drive motor. After a revolution speed of an input-side shaft of the coupling is synchronized with that of an output-side shaft, the coupling is connected. After the coupling is connected, torque of the drive motor and engine is controlled based on required torque of the vehicle.

Abstract: When impedance calculating conditions are satisfied after a system is started, the impedance of a battery is calculated using the current of the battery, a time variation in open circuit voltage thereof, a time variation in terminal voltage thereof, a time variation in current thereof, and a time variation in impedance thereof. The ratio of the calculated impedance to the initial impedance is calculated. The impedance ratio is subjected to weighting and averaging, thus obtaining a weighted average. When the system is terminated, an impedance-correction-coefficient learned value is updated using the weighted average. Thus, a change in impedance of the battery can be accurately grasped. Advantageously, parameters indicating the state of the battery, e.g., the remaining capacity thereof, reflect the change in impedance, resulting in accurate battery management.

Abstract: It calculates a capacity difference ESOC between a reference remaining capacity SOCV based on an open-circuit voltage and a final remaining capacity SOC in a previous one calculation cycle. It calculates a proportional correction amount and an integral correction amount according to a proportional-integral control by using this capacity difference ESOC, and requires a final remaining capacity SOC by adding a remaining capacity SOCI based on a current integration to these correction amounts. Thus, while making good use of the remaining capacity based on the battery open-circuit voltage, it can avoid the influence of the load fluctuation and require a remaining capacity always stable and accurate.

Abstract: When impedance calculating conditions are satisfied after a system is started, the impedance of a battery is calculated using the current of the battery, a time variation in open circuit voltage thereof, a time variation in terminal voltage thereof, a time variation in current thereof, and a time variation in impedance thereof. The ratio of the calculated impedance to the initial impedance is calculated. The impedance ratio is subjected to weighting and averaging, thus obtaining a weighted average. When the system is terminated, an impedance-correction-coefficient learned value is updated using the weighted average. Thus, a change in impedance of the battery can be accurately grasped. Advantageously, parameters indicating the state of the battery, e.g., the remaining capacity thereof, reflect the change in impedance, resulting in accurate battery management.

Abstract: A change shock caused in mutually shifting a vehicle between a motor and engine drive states is prevented. A hybrid vehicle is driven by one or both of an engine and a drive motor. The engine is started by a power generating motor, and power generated by the engine is supplied to a battery. An engine-power transmission path is provided with a coupling for being shifted to a connection state of transmitting engine power to drive wheels and a disconnection state of cutting off the transmission. In connecting the coupling while the drive motor is driven and transmitting engine torque, a revolution speed of the power generating motor is controlled based on that of the drive motor. After a revolution speed of an input-side shaft of the coupling is synchronized with that of an output-side shaft, the coupling is connected. After the coupling is connected, torque of the drive motor and engine is controlled based on required torque of the vehicle.

Abstract: Convergence angle information and image information of video cameras is transmitted from a multi-eye image-taking apparatus having two video cameras through a recording medium to a displaying apparatus. A convergence angle of display units in the displaying apparatus is controlled in accordance with the convergence angle information of the video cameras, permitting an observer to observe natural images. Since the convergence angle information is made ahead of the image information, the convergence angle of the display units can be changed with a natural feeling.

Abstract: In a head supporting device arranged to surround a head, to include a first projecting strip part which protrudes on one side of the device facing a sheet-shaped recording medium and a second projecting strip part which is formed on the outer side of the first projecting strip part with a spacing part interposed between the first and second projecting strip parts and to suck the recording medium with negative pressure, the sliding-contact faces of the first and second projecting strip parts are formed to be slanting upward toward the head, and a sectional shape of each of the projecting strip parts is composed of an approximately straight line which is on the recording-medium-facing side and a plurality of arcs which continue respectively from the two ends of the approximately straight line.