Abstract: A material for forming an underlayer film for lithography, in which a compound represented by the following formula (0) is used.

Abstract: The composition for forming an underlayer film for lithography according to the present invention contains a compound represented by a specific formula (1) and 20 to 99% by mass of a solvent component (S), in which 27 to 100% by mass of the compound represented by the formula (1) is included in a component (A) other than the solvent component (S).

Abstract: A material for forming an underlayer film for lithography, in which a compound represented by the following formula (0) is used.

Abstract: A material for forming an underlayer film for lithography, including a cyanic acid ester compound obtained by cyanation of a modified xylene formaldehyde resin, a composition including the material, and a pattern forming method using the composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a material for forming an underlayer film for lithography, including a cyanic acid ester compound obtained by cyanation of a modified naphthalene formaldehyde resin.

Abstract: The composition for forming an underlayer film for lithography according to the present invention contains a compound represented by a specific formula (1) and 20 to 99% by mass of a solvent component (S), in which 27 to 100% by mass of the compound represented by the formula (1) is included in a component (A) other than the solvent component (S).

Abstract: There is provided an aromatic hydrocarbon formaldehyde resin obtained by reacting an aromatic hydrocarbon compound (A) represented by the following formula (1) with formaldehyde (B) in the presence of an acidic catalyst. wherein R represents an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; l represents an integer of 0 to 2, and m and n represent integers satisfying 1?m+n?10, m?0 and n?1.

Abstract: There is provided an aromatic hydrocarbon formaldehyde resin obtained by reacting an aromatic hydrocarbon compound (A) represented by the following formula (1) with formaldehyde (B) in the presence of an acidic catalyst. wherein R represents an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; m and n represent integers satisfying 1?m+n?10, m?0 and n?1.

Abstract: There is provided an aromatic hydrocarbon formaldehyde resin obtained by reacting an aromatic hydrocarbon compound (A) represented by the following formula (1) with formaldehyde (B) in the presence of an acidic catalyst. wherein R represents an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; m and n represent integers satisfying 1?m+n?10, m?0 and n?1.

Abstract: There is provided an aromatic hydrocarbon formaldehyde resin obtained by reacting an aromatic hydrocarbon compound (A) represented by the following formula (1) with formaldehyde (B) in the presence of an acidic catalyst. wherein R represents an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; l represents an integer of 0 to 2, and m and n represent integers satisfying 1?m+n?10, m?0 and n?1.

Abstract: A curing agent for epoxy resins which comprises cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid anhydride (A) comprising trans,trans-1,2,4-cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid 1,2-anhydride expressed by formula (1) and aliphatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride (B) and an epoxy resin composition which comprises the curing agent and an epoxy resin are provided. The curing agent of the present invention can be handled easily since the curing agent is liquid at the ordinary temperature, exhibits an excellent curing property without addition of a curing accelerator and provides a cured product of an epoxy resin exhibiting excellent transmission of light and heat stability. The epoxy resin composition can be advantageously used for coating materials, adhesives, molded products, resins for encapsulating photo-semiconductors and coating fluids for protective films of color filters constituting liquid crystal display devices (LCD), solid state imaging devices (CCD) and electroluminescence (EL) devices.

Abstract: The present invention provides an acid anhydride ester obtained by esterifying cyclohexane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid-1,2-anhydride and a composition of the ester, and a heat-curable resin composition and a cured product of the composition. _Provided is an epoxy resin composition using the acid anhydride ester as a curing agent for an epoxy resin, the epoxy resin composition having, for example, the following properties (1), (2), and (3): (1) the epoxy resin composition has a low viscosity at room temperature, so the components of the composition can be favorably blended with each other, (2) the acid anhydride ester has a low vapor pressure at curing temperature, so no evaporation loss occurs after curing, and the intended design of blend is capable, and (3) a cured product to be made from the composition is colorless and transparent, and changes its color to a small extent even when the product is irradiated with light or heated for a long time period.

Abstract: Trans, trans-1,2,4-cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid-1,2-anhydride represented by the following formula 1: a cyclohexanetricarboxylic anhydride being liquid at ordinary temperatures which contains such a anhydride, and a production method thereof. The cyclohexanetricarboxylic anhydride being liquid at ordinary temperatures is produced by melting 1,2,4-cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid and/or 1,2,4-cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid-1,2-anhydride at 180 to 300° C. under heating. Since the cyclohexanetricarboxylic anhydride is liquid at ordinary temperatures, it is advantageously used in industrial applications such as raw materials or modifiers for coating compositions, adhesives, shaped articles, sealing resins for photosemiconductors, curing agents and polyimide resins, raw materials for plasticizers and lubricant oils, intermediates for medicines and agricultural chemicals, raw material for coating resins, raw material for toner resins, etc.

Abstract: A method of producing pyromellitic dianhydride. The method includes a step of heating a crude pyromellitic acid in the absence of acetic anhydride to convert a part of pyromellitic acid to pyromellitic anhydride, and a subsequent step of heating the resultant mixture in the presence of acetic anhydride to complete the anhydrization of pyromellitic acid. The pyromellitic dianhydride by the method contains little pyromellitic monoanhydride and other monoanhydrides derived from impurities and is less discolored. The pyromellitic dianhydride has particle properties not causing plugging, etc. during its transportation, storage and use.

Abstract: A curing agent for epoxy resins which comprises cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid anhydride (A) comprising trans,trans-1,2,4-cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid 1,2-anhydride expressed by formula (1) and aliphatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride (B) and an epoxy resin composition which comprises the curing agent and an epoxy resin are provided. The curing agent of the present invention can be handled easily since the curing agent is liquid at the ordinary temperature, exhibits an excellent curing property without addition of a curing accelerator and provides a cured product of an epoxy resin exhibiting excellent transmission of light and heat stability. The epoxy resin composition can be advantageously used for coating materials, adhesives, molded products, resins for encapsulating photo-semiconductors and coating fluids for protective films of color filters constituting liquid crystal display devices (LCD), solid state imaging devices (CCD) and electroluminescence (EL) devices.

Abstract: The present invention provides an acid anhydride ester obtained by esterifying cyclohexane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid-1,2-anhydride and a composition of the ester, and a heat-curable resin composition and a cured product of the composition. _Provided is an epoxy resin composition using the acid anhydride ester as a curing agent for an epoxy resin, the epoxy resin composition having, for example, the following properties (1), (2), and (3): (1) the epoxy resin composition has a low viscosity at room temperature, so the components of the composition can be favorably blended with each other, (2) the acid anhydride ester has a low vapor pressure at curing temperature, so no evaporation loss occurs after curing, and the intended design of blend is capable, and (3) a cured product to be made from the composition is colorless and transparent, and changes its color to a small extent even when the product is irradiated with light or heated for a long time period.

Abstract: The cyclohexanetricarboxylic monoester of the present invention is represented by the following formula 1: wherein R is as defined in the specification. The cyclohexanetricarboxylic monoester is useful particularly as the curing agent for epoxy-containing compounds. A heat-curable resin composition comprising the cyclohexanetricarboxylic monoester and an epoxy-containing compound exhibits an excellent curability without using a curing accelerator and provides a colorless transparent cured product which is little discolored even under a long-term exposure to high-temperature conditions. Such a heat-curable resin composition is suitable as sealing materials for photoelectric transducers such as blue LED and white LED, shaped articles, coating materials, adhesives, etc.

Abstract: Trans, trans-1,2,4-cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid-1,2-anhydride represented by the following formula 1: a cyclohexanetricarboxylic anhydride being liquid at ordinary temperatures which contains such a anhydride, and a production method thereof. The cyclohexanetricarboxylic anhydride being liquid at ordinary temperatures is produced by melting 1,2,4-cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid and/or 1,2,4-cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid-1,2-anhydride at 180 to 300° C. under heating. Since the cyclohexanetricarboxylic anhydride is liquid at ordinary temperatures. it is advantageously used in industrial applications such as raw materials or modifiers for coating compositions, adhesives, shaped articles, sealing resins for photosemiconductors, curing agents and polyimide resins, raw materials for plasticizers and lubricant oils, intermediates for medicines and agricultural chemicals, raw material for coating resins, raw material for toner resins, etc.

Abstract: A method of producing pyromellitic dianhydride. The method includes a step of heating a crude pyromellitic acid in the absence of acetic anhydride to convert a part of pyromellitic acid to pyromellitic anhydride, and a subsequent step of heating the resultant mixture in the presence of acetic anhydride to complete the anhydrization of pyromellitic acid. The pyromellitic dianhydride by the method contains little pyromellitic monoanhydride and other monoanhydrides derived from impurities and is less discolored. The pyromellitic dianhydride has particle properties not causing plugging, etc. during its transportation, storage and use.

Abstract: In the production of an alicyclic aldehyde, a starting aromatic aldehyde is converted into an aromatic acetal for protecting the formyl group. The aromatic ring of the aromatic acetal is then hydrogenated to convert the aromatic acetal into an alicyclic acetal, which is then hydrolyzed to cleave the acetal protecting group to obtain the aimed alicyclic aldehyde.