Abstract: A fuel injection valve for a direct gasoline injection engine, a direct injection engine, and an automobile using the same. The fuel injection valve can prevent the deposits produced during combustion of gasoline from accumulating on the surface of the fuel injection valve, or easily remove the deposits therefrom. A reaction-bonded layer of perfluoropolyether compounds having alkoxy silane as its terminal group is provided on the surface of the fuel injection valve of the invention.

Abstract: The invention provides for a fuel injection valve for a direct gasoline injection engine, a direct injection engine and an automobile using the same, which can prevent the deposits produced during combustion of gasoline from accumulating on the surface of the fuel injection valve, or easily remove the deposits therefrom. A reaction-bonded layer of perfluoropolyether compounds having alkoxy silane as its terminal group is provided on the surface of the fuel injection valve of the invention.

Abstract: Projection displays are disclosed that reduce the loss of image contrast due to angle-of-incidence and color dependencies of liquid crystal display panels, polarizing beamsplitters, and dichroic reflectors. The projection displays comprise an illumination source that provides a light flux that made uniform by an integrator. A color separation system then divides the light flux into red, green, and blue color components. The color-components are directed through field lenses to polarizing beamsplitters and then to liquid crystal light valves. The color components are reflected by the light valves back through the polarizing beamsplitters to a projection lens that forms an image. The projection lens is preferably telecentric. Field lenses are provided that direct substantially collimated color components to the liquid crystal light valves.

Abstract: An analyzing-synthesizing optical system has the structure in which for each of the three primary colors of R, G, and B, there are provided a light valve for modulating incident light and a polarization beam splitter for guiding specific polarized light to this light valve and extracting only modulated light coming from the light valve to output it, wherein these light valves and polarization beam splitters are fixed as integrated with a synthesizing optical system comprising a cross dichroic prism and wherein optical path lengths of optical paths of the respective colors are adjusted to be almost equal to each other. A projection image display apparatus comprises the analyzing-synthesizing optical unit.

Abstract: A projection display apparatus comprises a modulator, an analyzer, and projecting optical system. The modulator includes two-dimensionally arrayed pixel units and it modulates an incident light and emits the modulated light. The analyzer analyzes the emitted light from the modulator. The projection optical system projects the analyzed light from the analyzer. The analyzer includes a polarized beam splitter having a pair of prisms and an adhesive layer held between the pair of prisms. The difference in thickness between thin and thick portions of the adhesive layer is set equal to a predetermined value or less, based on a pixel pitch of the modulator.

Abstract: A press-machined fuel induction pipe 40, a hollow tubular type of fixed core 1 with a flange at its upper end, and a nozzle holder 18 that was press-machined into a slender tubular shape and has an orifice plate equipped with a valve seat at the lower end of the nozzle holder, are connected by welding. The upper inner surface of nozzle holder 18 and the outer surface of fixed core 1 are welded after being press-fit. A movable core 14 and a valve body 16 are connected to the welded assembly via a point 15 having a spring function. On the outer surface of nozzle holder 18 is provided an electromagnetic coil 2, the outside of which is provided with a tubular yoke 4 whose upper end is connected by welding to the flange 1a of fixed core 1 and whose lower end is press-fit on the outer surface of nozzle holder 18.

Abstract: An analyzing-synthesizing optical system has the structure in which for each of the three primary colors of R, G, and B, there are provided a light valve for modulating incident light and a polarization beam splitter for guiding specific polarized light to this light valve and extracting only modulated light coming from the light valve to output it, wherein these light valves and polarization beam splitters are fixed as integrated with a synthesizing optical system comprising a cross dichroic prism and wherein optical path lengths of optical paths of the respective colors are adjusted to be almost equal to each other. A projection image display apparatus comprises the analyzing-synthesizing optical unit.

Abstract: A polarizing device includes: a first prism substantially formed in a triangular shape; a second prism substantially formed in a triangular shape and bonded to the first prism; and a polarization splitter film provided at a bonding surface at which the first prism and the second prism are bonded to each other. A shape of a section of the first prism is determined so as to allow an optical axis of light having entered through one surface of the first prism to enter the polarization splitter film with an angle of incidence smaller than 45°.

Abstract: The invention provides for a fuel injection valve for a direct gasoline injection engine, a direct injection engine and an automobile using the same, which can prevent the deposits produced during combustion of gasoline from accumulating on the surface of the fuel injection valve, or easily remove the deposits therefrom. A reaction-bonded layer of perfluoropolyether compounds having alkoxy silane as its terminal group is provided on the surface of the fuel injection valve of the invention.

Abstract: The invention provides for a fuel injection valve for a direct gasoline injection engine, a direct injection engine and an automobile using the same, which can prevent the deposits produced during combustion of gasoline from accumulating on the surface of the fuel injection valve, or easily remove the deposits therefrom. A reaction-bonded layer of perfluoropolyether compounds having alkoxy silane as its terminal group is provided on the surface of the fuel injection valve of the invention.

Abstract: The invention provides for a fuel injection valve for a direct gasoline injection engine, a direct injection engine and an automobile using the same, which can prevent the deposits produced during combustion of gasoline from accumulating on the surface of the fuel injection valve, or easily remove the deposits therefrom. A reaction-bonded layer of perfluoropolyether compounds having alkoxy silane as its terminal group is provided on the surface of the fuel injection valve of the invention.

Abstract: A projection display apparatus comprises a modulator, an analyzer, and projecting optical system. The modulator includes two-dimensionally arrayed pixel units and it modulates an incident light and emits the modulated light. The analyzer analyzes the emitted light from the modulator. The projection optical system projects the analyzed light from the analyzer. The analyzer includes a polarized beam splitter having a pair of prisms and an adhesive layer held between the pair of prisms. The difference in thickness between thin and thick portions of the adhesive layer is set equal to a predetermined value or less, based on a pixel pitch of the modulator.

Abstract: A projection display apparatus comprises a modulator, an analyzer, and projecting optical system. The modulator includes two-dimensionally arrayed pixel units and it modulates an incident light and emits the modulated light. The analyzer analyzes the emitted light from the modulator. The projection optical system projects the analyzed light from the analyzer. The analyzer includes a polarized beam splitter having a pair of prisms and an adhesive layer held between the pair of prisms. The difference in thickness between thin and thick portions of the adhesive layer is set equal to a predetermined value or less, based on a pixel pitch of the modulator.

Abstract: Apparatus are disclosed that provide a high-luminance projected image with no color shading or uneven contrast. Light from a light source undergoes color separation by passing through a color-separation optical system (e.g., a cross-dichroic mirror or cross-dichroic prism). The light from the light source can also be split into first and second polarized lights by passage through, e.g., a first polarized-light beamsplitter (PBS). Each color-separated light is modulated by a respective color-signal light valve and undergoes color combining by, e.g., a cross-dichroic prism. The second polarized light, if formed, is modulated by a luminance-signal light valve, undergoes color combining and polarized-light combining by, e.g., a second PBS, and is projected by a projection lens (that comprises an aperture stop). The PBSs, cross-dichroic mirrors, and cross-dichroic prisms are situated where principal rays (defined by the aperture stop) are parallel to the optical axis.

Abstract: A fuel swirling means 15 for giving a swirling force at the upper stream of the valve sheet 7 to the fuel passing through the surrounding area of the valve body 13 and a nozzle 16 injecting a swirling fuel are provided. A fuel spray 47 injected out from the injection port 17 of the nozzle 16 is so formed that the orientation of the fuel spray is deflected in a definite direction on the basis of the longitudinal axis C of the fuel injection valve body, the reachable distance L1 of the fuel spray at the deflected side is longer and the reachable distance L2 of the fuel spray at another side opposite to the deflected side is shorter.

Abstract: A polarization device comprises: a light source; a first lens plate including a plurality of lenses in a planar configuration that divides light emitted from the light source into beams defined by apertures of the plurality of lenses; a second lens plate which is different from the first plate and includes a plurality of lenses in a planar configuration, the plurality of lenses of the first lens plate individually forming light spots at the plurality of lenses of the second lens plate; a polarization beam splitter array constituted of a plurality of polarization beam splitters provided continuously, that performs polarization splitting of light that has been emitted from the light spots of the plurality of lenses of the second lens plate and has entered therein to split the light into p-polarized light and s-polarized light, and emits the split light; and halfwave plates provided at an emission surface of the polarization beam splitter array that convert polarized light emitted from the polarization beam spli

Abstract: Disclosed is a single plate projection type display apparatus which is capable of achieving a high luminance without an increase in an output of a light source. A first lens plate having a plurality of lenses divides a light from a light source into a plurality of light beams. A second lens plate having a plurality of lenses superposes the divided plurality of light beams on a light valve, thereby performing an illumination. A color separation optical system composed of dichroic mirrors which are perpendicular to an XY plane and form predetermined angles to each other, performs a color separation for the light beams from the second lens plate. The light valve modulates R, G and B light beams which are incident thereonto. The modulated lights are projected by a projection lens. The whole shape of the second lens plate is a rectangle.

Abstract: In the present projection apparatus, R, G and B lights in the form of a S polarized light emitted from a fly-eye lens and a field lens are separated and the S polarized light is converted to a P polarized light so that it is illuminated onto a light valve. The S polarized light separated by the polarization beam splitter is illuminated onto the light valve converted to the P polarized light without being discarded, illuminance of the light onto the light valve is uniform and its polarization azimuth is arranged in the form of the P polarized light.

Abstract: An analyzing-synthesizing optical system has the structure in which for each of the three primary colors of R, G, and B, there are provided a light valve for modulating incident light and a polarization beam splitter for guiding specific polarized light to this light valve and extracting only modulated light coming from the light valve to output it, wherein these light valves and polarization beam splitters are fixed as integrated with a synthesizing optical system comprising a cross dichroic prism and wherein optical path lengths of optical paths of the respective colors are adjusted to be almost equal to each other. A projection image display apparatus comprises the analyzing-synthesizing optical unit.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed that provides a high-luminance projected image with no color shading or uneven contrast. Light from a light source undergoes color separation by passing through a color-separation optical system (e.g., a cross-dichroic mirror or cross-dichroic prism). The light from the light source can also be split into first and second polarized lights by passage through, e.g., a first polarized-light beamsplitter (PBS). Each color-separated light is modulated by a respective color-signal light valve and undergoes color combining by, e.g., a cross-dichroic prism. The second polarized light, if formed, is modulated by a luminance-signal light valve, undergoes color combining and polarized-light combining by, e.g., a second PBS, and is projected by a projection lens (that comprises an aperture stop). The PBSs, cross-dichroic mirrors, and cross-dichroic prisms are situated where principal rays (defined by the aperture stop) are parallel to the optical axis.