Abstract: A method of promoting healing of a wound generally includes administering to the wound an amount of a PEP exosome preparation effective to promote healing of the wound. In one or more embodiments, the PEP exosome preparation includes a tissue sealant or surgical glue. In one or more embodiments, the wound is an ischemic wound, a puncture wound, a laceration, an abrasion, a surgical wound, a skin graft, or a traumatic wound.

Abstract: This document relates to methods and materials for making and using cardiopoietic stem cells. For example, methods and materials for delivering one or more nucleic acids (e.g., one or more RNAs) encoding one or more early mesodermal transcription factors to a stem cell to generate a cardiopoietic stem cell are provided.

Abstract: An extracellular vesicle includes an exogenous therapeutic component. The exogenous therapeutic component can include a therapeutic polypeptide, a polynucleotide that encodes a therapeutic polypeptide, a therapeutic nucleic acid, or a therapeutic agent. In some embodiments, the extracellular vesicle includes an exosome or purified exosome product (PEP).

Abstract: This document relates to methods and materials for making and using cardiopoetic stem cells. For example, methods and materials for delivering one or more nucleic acids (e.g., one or more RNAs) encoding one or more early mesodermal transcription factors to a stem cell to generate a cardiopoetic stem cell are provided.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials for reducing the risk of major adverse cardiac events. For example, methods and materials for identifying patients at risk of experiencing a major adverse cardiac event as well as methods and material for treating patients at risk of experiencing a major adverse cardiac event (e.g., patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are provided.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials for reducing the risk of major adverse cardiac events. For example, methods and materials for identifying patients at risk of experiencing a major adverse cardiac evert as well as methods and material for treating patients at risk of experiencing a major adverse cardiac event (e.g., patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are provided.

Abstract: A purified exosome product includes spherical or spheroid exosomes with a diameter no greater than 250 nm. In some embodiments, the purified exosome product has a moisture content of no more than 10%. The purified exosome product can be reconstituted to prepare an artificial blood product.

Abstract: A method for treating a subject having. or at risk of having. damaged endometrial tissue generally includes administering to the subject an amount of a PEP preparation effective to treat the subject's endometrial tissue. The PEP preparation may be administered therapeutically or prophylactically. In another aspect. a method of promoting proliferation of endometrial cells generally includes contacting the endometrial cells with an amount of a PEP preparation effective to promote proliferation of the endometrial cells. In another aspect. a method of promoting wound closure by endometrial cells generally includes administering to endometrial cells into which a wound has been introduced an amount of a PEP preparation effective to promote closure of the wound.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials for reducing the risk of major adverse cardiac events. For example, methods and materials for identifying patients at risk of experiencing a major adverse cardiac event as well as methods and material for treating patients at risk of experiencing a major adverse cardiac event (e.g., patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)) are provided.

Abstract: Compositions and methods of modulating the immune system generally involve immunomodulatory exosomes derived from platelet rich plasma subjected to multiple freeze-thaw cycles and lyophilization. In one or more embodiments, the methods involve administering the composition to a subject in an amount effective to modulate the subject's immune system. In other embodiments, the methods involve culturing a hematopoietic progenitor cell or cell differentiated from a hematopoietic progenitor cell with an immunomodulatory exosome to produce treated cells. The treated cells are then administered to the subject in an amount effective to modulate the subject's immune system.

Abstract: A method for treating exposure of surgical mesh in a subject generally includes administering PEP to tissue adjacent to an area of exposed surgical mesh in an amount effective to treat the area of exposed surgical mesh. In another aspect, a method for treating exposure of surgical mesh in a subject generally includes surgically closing an area of exposed surgical mesh and administering PEP to epithelium adjacent to the surgical closure in an amount effective to treat the area of exposed surgical mesh. In one or more embodiments of either aspect, the amount effective to treat the area of exposed surgical mesh can be an amount effective to increase proliferation of epithelium to decrease the area of exposed surgical mesh, increase thickness of epithelium covering the surgical mesh, or increase vascularization of epithelium covering the surgical mesh.

Abstract: A method of treating injured skeletal muscle tissue generally includes applying to injured skeletal muscle tissue a therapeutic composition that includes a purified exosome product (PEP) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In one or more embodiments, the method includes applying from 1×1011 PEP exosomes to 1×1013 PEP exosomes to the injured skeletal muscle. In one or more embodiments, the therapeutic composition further includes a supportive matrix such as a collagen scaffold, a tissue sealant, fibrin glue, or a hydrogel.

Abstract: A composition includes a purified exosome product (PEP) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier that includes a supportive matrix. The supportive matrix can include a collagen scaffold, a tissue sealant, or a fibrin sealant. A method of repairing damaged tendon tissue generally includes applying a composition that includes PEP and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier to damaged tendon tissue. In one or more embodiments, the composition applied to the damaged tendon tissue includes a supportive matrix.

Abstract: A method of repairing a damaged bone-tendon interface in a subject generally includes contacting the damaged bone-tendon interface with an effective amount of a composition that includes purified exosome product (PEP) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In one or more embodiments, the damaged bone-tendon interface includes complete separation of tendon from bone and the method further includes surgically reattaching the tendon to the bone. In one or more embodiments, the damaged tendon-bone interface comprises partial separation of tendon from bone and the method includes implanting the PEP composition at a site effective for contacting the PEP composition with the damaged tendon-bone interface.

Abstract: A composition for delivering a biologic to a subject generally includes a particulate substrate and an mRNA encapsulated by the particulate substrate. In some cases, the mRNA bay be indirectly attached to the particulate substrate. The mRNA encodes at least one therapeutic polypeptide. The composition may be delivered to a tissue of a subject to provide a therapeutic benefit to the tissue.

Abstract: A purified exosome product includes spherical or spheroid exosomes with a diameter no greater than 250 nm. In some embodiments, the purified exosome product has a moisture content of no more than 10%. The purified exosome product can be reconstituted to prepare an artificial blood product.

Abstract: A composition for delivering a biologic to a subject generally includes a particulate substrate and an mRNA encapsulated by the particulate substrate. In some cases, the mRNA may be indirectly attached to the particulate substrate. The mRNA encodes at least one therapeutic polypeptide. The composition may be delivered to a tissue of a subject to provide a therapeutic benefit to the tissue.

Abstract: A purified exosome product includes spherical or spheroid exosomes with a diameter no greater than 250 nm. In some embodiments, the purified exosome product has a moisture content of no more than 10%. The purified exosome product can be reconstituted to prepare an artificial blood product.

Abstract: A composition includes Purified Exosome Product (PEP) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier that includes a surgical glue or tissue adhesive. In some embodiments, the PEP includes spherical or spheroid exosomes having a diameter no greater than 300 nm. In some embodiments, the PEP includes from 1% to 20% CD63? exosomes and from 80% to 99% CD63+ exosomes. In some embodiments, the PEP includes at least 50% CD63? exosomes. The composition may be applied to injured peripheral nervous tissue to promote growth of peripheral nervous tissue and/or treat the injured peripheral nervous tissue. The peripheral nervous tissue may be autologous or may be allogeneic.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials for identifying and/or treating a mammal (e.g., a human) having, or at risk of developing, heart failure (e.g., inherited heart failure). For example, methods and materials for identifying a mammal (e.g., a human) having, or at risk of developing, heart failure (e.g., inherited heart failure) by detecting the presence of a mutation in both copies of a KCNJ11 gene present in the mammal (e.g., a human) are provided. Methods and materials for treating a mammal (e.g., a human) identified as having, or as being at risk of developing, heart failure (e.g., inherited heart failure) also are provided.