Abstract: The invention relates to a security element applied onto printing substrates (bank notes, securities, product packagings, identity cards/labels or other similar documents) by printing, comprising a unique identifier as primary information visible to the naked eye and secondary information protecting against copying non-visible to the naked eye. The unique identifier is typically a point code. Said secondary information is represented by a structure with the largest dimension of 2 to 40 microns, and due to printing distortions arising when the security element is applied onto a printing substrate, said secondary information is non-reconstructable from the print of the security element and a statistically analyzable inherent feature is associated to it. The invention also relates to a printed matter with such an inventive security element and to a method to check authenticity of a printed matter with the inventive security element in visible light (380-750 nm).

Abstract: The invention relates to a security element applied onto printing substrates (bank-notes, securities, product packagings, identity cards/labels or other similar documents) by printing, comprising a unique identifier as primary information visible to the naked eye and secondary information protecting against copying non-visible to the naked eye. The unique identifier is typically a point code. Said secondary information is represented by a structure with the largest dimension of 2 to 40 microns, and due to printing distortions arising when the security element is applied onto a printing substrate, said secondary information is non-reconstructable from the print of the security element and a statistically analyzable inherent feature is associated to it. The invention also relates to a printed matter with such an inventive security element and to a method to check authenticity of a printed matter with the inventive security element in visible light (380-750 nm).

Abstract: A low pressure discharge lamp, particularly a compact fluorescent lamp, achieves substantially the same base-down lumen output as base-up lumen output. The lamp does so in a bent and bridged configuration, preferably in the shape of a plurality of vertically oriented bent tubes horizontally bridged together, where at least one of the tubes has at least one extended leg that defines a cold chamber within or adjacent the base.

Abstract: The invention relates to recuperators used mainly with industrial furnaces, which is provided with a radiation heat exchanger and a convective heat exchanger arranged one behind the other. These known types of recuperators are usable to exploit the waste heat of flue gases only with very low efficiency and have a voluminous and complicated structure.The improvement of my invention is in that the convective heat exchanger has a central heat exchange part and at least one conduit for blowing air on the bottom surface of the central heat exchanger part.The recuperator according to this invention has a longer endurance, a much higher effectiveness and a more simpler, smaller construction.