Abstract: The disclosure relates to a jackknifing controlling system, for reducing undesirable jackknifing in an articulated vehicle, particularly with a rear drive. Sensing means is provided for measuring the angle of steering as well as the angle of articulation. At all times, the actual angle of articulation is compared to an ideal angle of articulation for the particular angle of steering, the ideal angle having been preprogrammed into a memory device. Whenever the actual angle of articulation deviates from the preprogrammed ideal angle by a predetermined amount, control actions are initiated to control the articulation. Further articulation in the direction of deviation is immediately blocked. Articulation in the opposite direction, toward the ideal, is freely allowed if the deviation exceeds a predetermined amount. If it is less than the predetermined amount, articulation, even toward the ideal angle is, damped by throttling of hydraulic flows.

Abstract: An apparatus for an articulated vehicle for preventing jackknifing. A sensor for sensing the steered angle has a movable first element coupled to the steered wheel and a stationary second element, one of the first and second elements being divided into sections starting from the position of the steering to the left, with a discrete signal for each single section referring to its relative position and having a value differing from that of the other sections and a digital output signal characteristic of the serial number of each section.

Abstract: Apparatus for the determination and the digital display of the position in the tooth canal of a root treating device, comprises a saliva suction device in circuit with the root treating device to sense the variation of the impedance between the gum and the root treating device. That impedance varies inversely as the depth of the root treating device; and so the variations in impedance are amplified and converted into DC voltage levels which are applied to a series of light displays in such a way that one light display will be most brightly illuminated while its neighbors will be less brightly illuminated, the comparative illuminations of the adjacent light displays giving a quick visual indication of the position of the root treating device in the tooth canal. An audible signal can also be provided.