Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for establishing a transport protocol to use between a client and a sewer are disclosed. In particular there is disclosed a method a proxy, for establishing a transport protocol to use between a client and a server, the method comprising: receiving, from the client, a plurality of transport protocol setup messages; selecting at least one transport protocol setup message from the plurality of transport protocol setup messages; sending at least one transport protocol setup message to the server based on the selected at least one transport protocol setup message; and responsive to receiving from the server at least one transport protocol setup response message corresponding to a transport protocol setup message sent to the server, sending a transport protocol setup response message corresponding to a received transport protocol setup response message to the client.

Abstract: A technique for concurrency control of transactions in a system comprising a plurality of application instances accessing a database system is provided.

Abstract: Embodiments describing methods performed by a system comprising Network functions including at least a Session Management Function and a User Plane Function for performing a UPF re-anchoring for an application triggered at a User Equipment over an established Packet Data Unit (PDU) Session, where when the system receives the initial trigger for a service triggered by the application (e.g., a DNS request or an application level request), a determination is made by the system based on the information related to the application that re-anchoring of the UPF for that application into a local UPF closer to the UE is required. When re-anchoring of the UPF is successful, the initial trigger is discarded, and the UE is instructed to establish a new PDU session over the local UPF for that application.

Abstract: Distance-based peer selection in which a peer discovery unit receives a target peer discovery request related to selecting a target peer for a source, obtains location information indicating a location of the source peer, selects candidate target peers, and determines distance information including routing distances from locations of the candidate target peers to the location of the source peer. A peer selection unit receives identifications of the candidate target peers and the distance information and uses the distance information to selection a target peer among the received candidate target peers.

Abstract: A dedicated Network Gateway Service (NGS) (22, 23) in a Service Based Architecture (SBA) domain (21), deployed in a core network of a telecommunications system (20), arranged for operational message handling with communication entities (2, 3, 4) of the telecommunications system external of the SBA domain (21) in accordance with communication interface protocols (N1, N2, N4) of the telecommunications system (20). The NGS (22, 23) is further arranged for service message handling in the SBA domain (21) with at least one of an Access and Mobility Function (AMF) (24) and a Session Management Function (SMF) (25) of the SBA domain (21).

Abstract: A method of registering a service in a telecommunication network having a Service Based Architecture, SBA. The telecommunication network has a Service Collection Function, SCF, including a plurality of distinct SBA services and including a Collection Controller, CoC, for registering and discovering the plurality of distinct SBA services within the SCF. The telecommunication network further includes a Network Repository Function, NRF, for registering and discovering services within the telecommunication network. The method includes the steps of receiving, by the CoC, from an of the distinct SBA services, a registration message for registering a service, determining, by the CoC, that the service is to be provided within the SCF, refraining, by the CoC, from forwarding the registration message to said NRF based on the determination, registering, by the CoC, the service in the CoC for discovering the service by any of the plurality of distinct SBA services within the SCF.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to methods and apparatuses for providing communication between a server and a client device via a proxy node. A method, in a proxy node, wherein the proxy node includes an intermediate node between a server and a client device includes receiving encrypted traffic transmitted between the client device and the server; receiving a key from the client device; performing a service in relation to the encrypted traffic to generate information; encrypting the information using the key to generate encrypted information; and transmitting the encrypted information to the server.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method executed in a domain name system (DNS) proxy, and to a DNS proxy, apparatus or system for application server (AS) discovery for edge computing in a mobile network. The method comprises receiving a DNS query from a user equipment (UE) with an application fully qualified domain name (FQDN). Based on FQDN, retrieving a location of the UE that sent the DNS query; adding subnet(s) or full IP address(es) of one or more preferred location for accessing to a data network (DN) as one or more Extension mechanisms for DNS (EDNS) client subnet (ECS) options in the DNS query; forwarding the DNS query to a mobile network operator (MNO) DNS; receiving a DNS response and based on the DNS response determining an AS site and AS IP address(es); requesting traffic steering and sending the DNS response to the UE.

Abstract: A technique for performing a context transfer from a first session management entity to a second session management entity in a mobile communication system is provided, wherein the context transfer concerns a data session associated with a User Equipment, UE, wherein the data session is handled by the first session management entity via a first gateway entity and wherein, after the context transfer, the data session is to be handled by the second session management entity via a second gateway entity.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed herein for coordinating seamless service continuity to Edge Application Server (EAS) at relocation in a cellular communications system. In some embodiments, an Application Function (AF) sends to a Policy Control Function (PCF) a steering request comprising a keepExistingPSA indication that indicates that a current user plane (UP) path to a current Data Network Access Identifier (DNAI) and to an EAS should be maintained while a new path to a new DNAI and EAS is established. The PCF generates Policy and Charging Control (PCC) rules including the keepExistingPSA indication, and provides the PCC rules to a Session Management Function (SMF). The SMF determines, based on the keepExistingPSA indication, that simultaneous connectivity over the source PSA and the target PSA is to be provided, and configures the target PSA while maintaining the UP connectivity over the source PSA to the current DNAI and to the EAS.

Abstract: A Session Management Function, SMF, (650) determines that a first data path for a Packet Data Unit, PDU, session between an application client (611) and a first edge application server, EAS, (681) should be relocated from a first local PDU session anchor, PSA, (631) and a first uplink classifier and branching point, ULCL/BP, (621) to a second PSA (632) and a second ULCL/BP (622). Further, the SMF (650) determines an edge client subnet, ECS, associated with the second PSA (632). Further, the SMF (650) sends, to an application function, AF, (670) associated with the application client (611), a notification of the relocation. The notification includes an identifier of the ECS and a data network access identifier, DNAI, associated with the second PSA (632). From the AF (670), the SMF (650) receives a response that includes an identifier of a second EAS (682) and the DNAI associated with the second PSA (632).

Abstract: Re-anchoring with Session Management Function (SMF) re-selection is disclosed herein. According to some embodiments, if, for an existing User Equipment (UE) Packet Data Unit (PDU) session, an SMF determines that the current PDU Session Anchor (PSA) for the UE PDU Session is to be relocated and further determines that relocation involves an SMF re-selection, then the SMF initiates re-establishment of the PDU session. During re-establishment, the SMF conveys to an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) Edge Computing (EC) context information relevant for the new PDU session. The AMF in some embodiments may use some of this information related to the location of the PSA (DNAI) to select the new SMF, and passes this information to the selected SMF for the new PDU session. Based on the information received, the new SMF in some embodiments establishes the new PDU session and selects and configures the PSA(s) for the new session.

Abstract: Transferring context data from a first network functional set, NFS, to another. A method and apparatuses provide for transferring restoration context data from a first NFS toward a second NFS. This method includes receiving, at the first NFS from a context transfer requester, a transfer request indicating transfer of context data toward the second NFS; transmitting, from the first NFS toward a network repository function, NRF, a context transfer request indicating transfer of context data from the first NFS to the second NFS; transmitting, from the NRF toward the first NFS, a context transfer response indicating a status of the first NFS; notifying, from the NRF toward a network function, NF, service consumer, of transfer information related to the transfer of context data from the first NFS to the second NFS; transferring, from the first NFS toward the second NFS, restoration context data; and storing the restoration context data.

Abstract: A method (20, 40) for reducing undesirable visual effects, such as judder, in a video image having one or more frames is disclosed. A server node (16) generates graphics layers from 3D objects, and augments the layers with the Z-layer information and motion information for the objects. The server node then groups (28, 30, 32) the graphics layers, encodes (34) the groups into a video stream such that every video frame of the stream is a composite video frame of the graphics layers, adds (36) the motion information to the composite video frame, and sends (38) the stream to a client device (18). Upon receipt, the client device extracts (44) the motion information, compensates the positions of the graphics layers using the Z-layer information and the motion information, and applies a selected positional time-warp algorithm to compensate for the translational and rotational movement of the user’s head (50). The resultant layers are then combined into a video image and rendered (52) for the user.

Abstract: A method for providing a policy rule from a User Equipment to a mobile communication system. The method includes establishing a communication channel between the UE and a User Plane entity of the mobile communication system, sending the policy rule through the communication channel from the UE to the UP entity and receiving at the UE from the UP entity an indication of whether the policy rule is accepted or rejected. The UP entity may send the policy rule to a first Control Plane entity for authorization. In turn, the first CP entity may send the policy rule to a second Control Plane entity for authorization. The User Plane entity may be a User Plane Function including a Collaborative Performance Enhancement (COPE) entity.

Abstract: Embodiments describing methods performed by a system comprising Network functions including at least a Session Management Function and a User Plane Function for performing a UPF re-anchoring for an application triggered at a User Equipment over an established Packet Data Unit (PDU) Session, where when the system receives the initial trigger for a service triggered by the application (e.g., a DNS request or an application level request), a determination is made by the system based on the information related to the application that re-anchoring of the UPF for that application into a local UPF closer to the UE is required. When re-anchoring of the UPF is successful, the initial trigger is discarded, and the UE is instructed to establish a new PDU session over the local UPF for that application.

Abstract: An improved split rendering process of the present disclosure mitigates the impact of delay variation in XR application with remote rendering applications. A visual scene is split rendered to generate graphic layers from 3D objects in the visual scene. The server node groups and sorts the graphic layers based on QoE importance to create graphic layer groups, encodes each graphic layer group into a composite video frame and appends metadata to the composite video frame. The encoded video frame is then transmitted in sorted order based on quality rank to a client device (e.g., an HMD worn by a user) where the video frame is decoded and displayed. The client device further sends feedback to the server indicating the graphic layer groups that were timely received.

Abstract: The present invention faces the issues of re-selection of another NF Service instance (103, 201) for a subsequent request (S-520, S-535) with a same data consistency (Consistency 1) as a previously selected NF Service instance (101). To solve this issue, the present invention provides for identifying at configuration, based on the deployment and on the Storage solution for the Session/context data, which instances (101, 103, 201) of the same service type have access with strong consistency to the same data, and provide this information to the consumer (40), so it is allowed to prioritize selection of an alternative NF service instance that supports strong consistency, whenever possible.

Abstract: Embodiments describing methods performed by a system comprising Network functions including at least a Session Management Function and a User Plane Function for performing a UPF re-anchoring for an application triggered at a User Equipment over an established Packet Data Unit (PDU) Session, where when the system receives the initial trigger for a service triggered by the application (e.g., a DNS request or an application level request), a determination is made by the system based on the information related to the application that re-anchoring of the UPF for that application into a local UPF closer to the UE is required. When re-anchoring of the UPF is successful, the initial trigger is discarded, and the UE is instructed to establish a new PDU session over the local UPF for that application.

Abstract: One aspect provides a method performed by a radio access network node in a telecommunications network. The method comprises: responsive to detection of a trigger event associated with a wireless device having a connection to the telecommunications network via the radio access network node or seeking to establish a connection to the telecommunications network via the radio access network node, transmitting a message directly to a user plane core network node providing functionality for the connection via the radio access network node, the message comprising one or more of: an indication of an identifier of the wireless device; and an indication of an identifier of a session for the wireless device. The user plane core network node has access to a data storage layer shared between a plurality of user plane core network nodes, the data storage layer storing respective contexts for the sessions of a plurality of wireless devices, including the wireless device.