Abstract: A method to avoid sympathetic switches in path switching protection due to client protection switching includes monitoring a drop side Tandem Connection Monitoring (TCM) entity and a line side TCM entity for a connection, wherein the drop side TCM is provisioned between a drop port of the node and a second drop port of a corresponding node, and wherein the line side TCM entity is provisioned between a plurality of line ports of the node and a second plurality of line ports of the corresponding node; responsive to detecting defects in both the drop side TCM entity and the line side TCM entity on a working line, implementing path protection switching of the working line; and, responsive to detecting defects only in the drop side TCM entity, implementing path protection switching of the working line responsive to persistence of the defects.

Abstract: A method for providing notifications is provided. The method includes a tangible user interface (TUI) element the receives an input from a computing device coupled to the TUI element. The input is indicative of an outcome corresponding to a functionality of an application on the computing device. Based on the outcome, the TUI element determines at least one illumination pattern from a plurality of pre-stored illumination patterns. Thereafter, the TUI element generates an output based on the at least one determined illumination pattern.

Abstract: A parking garage system includes a plurality of parking garages. Each parking garage has a plurality of parking sectors and each parking sector has a plurality of parking spaces. A digital system tracks an occupancy level of each parking sector and an anticipated departure time of vehicles parked in each parking space. The digital system further directs vehicles to a particular parking sector based on the driver's anticipated departure time. The digital system also advises potential customers of occupancy level and parking rates and communicates information regarding occupancy level and parking rates to other parking garages.

Abstract: This disclosure related to polymer electrolyte member fuel cells and components thereof, including fuel cell electrodes.

Abstract: A wire holder for managing and aligning wires to corresponding traces in a PCB. The wire holder assists in the manufacturing process of cables and connectors, and especially during the welding process by minimizing the amount of time spent by users manually adjusting the wire positions. The wire holder includes a shaft having a plurality of teeth and claws forming a plurality of comb openings that may either be open so wires can be inserted sideways or closed so wires must be inserted into the comb openings. The plurality of wires are collected into the wire holder and the wire holder is subsequently aligned with the corresponding traces on the PCB prior to the welding of the wires. The wire holder may align wires for double sided PCBs.

Abstract: A method of applying a premold to a cable. The cable may have a plurality of shielded pairs, where the shielded pairs have conductors. A premold is applied to the cable, where the shielded pairs are aligned within the premold. A deformable material is wrapped over the premold. A shell is applied over the deformable material. The premold is sufficiently hard so as to protect the conductors from deformation when applying the shell. A portion of the conductors may be deformed before being welded.

Abstract: This disclosure related to systems and methods that produce hydrogen and electricity from hydrocarbon fuels.

Abstract: A method of applying a premold to a cable. The cable may have a plurality of shielded pairs, where the shielded pairs comprise conductors. A premold is applied to the cable, where the shielded pairs are aligned within the premold. A deformable material is wrapped over the premold. A shell is applied over the deformable material. The premold is sufficiently hard so as to protect the conductors from deformation when applying the shell. A portion of the conductors may be deformed before being welded.

Abstract: This disclosure related to polymer electrolyte member fuel cells and components thereof, including fuel cell electrodes.

Abstract: A drying method for use of latent heat includes the following steps: A. installing a heating plate and a latent heat device having wax in a dry environmental space; B. placing an article to be dried in the dry environmental space; C. absorbing outside heat energy with the heating plate for drying process; D. utilizing the latent heat device to accumulate heat energy; and E. releasing the heat energy from the latent heat device for drying process. A drying apparatus for use of latent heat includes a box, a heating plate provided on the box, and a latent heat device provided in the box. The box has an entrance and a vent. The entrance is provided with a door to seal the entrance. The latent heat device comprises wax therein to do heat exchange through for drying purpose.

Abstract: A system for multicasting a data packet in a multicast group includes a network entity, and a plurality of members of the multicast group. A member can notify the network entity of a rogue member of the group claiming an identity of a spoofed member of the group. In response to being notified, the network entity can distribute, to at least the members of the group other than the spoofed member, different versions of a symmetric key associated with the spoofed member. The member notifying the network entity of the rogue member can then receive a next data packet and a code for the next data packet, the code having been generated at the rogue member using a version of the symmetric key associated with the spoofed member such that the rogue member can be identified based upon the version of the symmetric key.

Abstract: A system for multicasting a data packet in a multicast group includes a network entity, and a plurality of members of the multicast group. A member can notify the network entity of a rogue member of the group claiming an identity of a spoofed member of the group. In response to being notified, the network entity can distribute, to at least the members of the group other than the spoofed member, different versions of a symmetric key associated with the spoofed member. The member notifying the network entity of the rogue member can then receive a next data packet and a code for the next data packet, the code having been generated at the rogue member using a version of the symmetric key associated with the spoofed member such that the rogue member can be identified based upon the version of the symmetric key.

Abstract: A system is provided for multicasting a data packet in a multicast group. The system includes a source member and a plurality of destination members. The source member is capable of generating a code for the data packet using a symmetric key associated with the source member, and thereafter multicasting the data packet and the code. Each of the destination members is capable of receiving the data packet and the code. The destination member can then multicast a recall packet to the members of the multicast group when the destination member determines that the source member claims an identity of the respective destination member (i.e., spoofs the identity of the respective destination member). Otherwise, the destination member is capable of authenticating the source member based upon the code.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for data source authentication in multicast communications is provided. Multicasting a packet may be divided into two actions. The first action includes unicasting the packet from a sending member to a group controller. The second action includes multicasting the packet from the group controller to the multicast group. The packet may be unicast to the group controller with a message authentication code (MAC) that may be generated by encrypting the packet with a symmetric key that is intended to be known only to the sending member and the group controller. After authenticating the MAC, the group controller multicasts the packet to the multicast group. The group controller includes with the packet a separate MAC for substantially each receiving member of the multicast group, each encrypted by a separate symmetric key. Each symmetric key may be intended to be known only by the receiving member and the group controller.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for routing packets on a network based on information of a routing gateway or a neighboring gateway. One embodiment includes updating a routing table using interface information shared by a neighboring router. Another embodiment includes making routing decisions based on interface information from a neighboring router. Another embodiment includes making routing decisions based on priorities determined from interface information. Another embodiment updating a routing table on a first gateway by receiving data disclosing interface information on a neighboring second gateway and updating a routing table based on the interface information. Another embodiment includes maintaining a routing table on the first gateway that includes, for each route, information on the gateway that is two physical hops away from the first gateway. For each route, if the gateway that is two physical hops away from the first gateway is the first gateway, the route is made inactive.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for routing packets on a network based on interface information of a routing gateway or a neighboring gateway. One embodiment includes updating a routing table using interface information shared by a neighboring router. Another embodiment includes making routing decisions based on interface information from a neighboring router. A further embodiment includes making routing decisions based on priorities determined from interface information. Another embodiment includes the steps of updating a routing table on a first gateway, which includes the steps of receiving data disclosing interface information on a neighboring second gateway, and updating a routing table based on the interface information. The interface information for the neighboring second gateway includes identification of communication interfaces on the second gateway, an interface type for each of the interfaces, and a physical type interface on which each virtual type interface is overlaid.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for routing packets on a network based on interface information of a routing gateway or a neighboring gateway. One embodiment includes updating a routing table using interface information shared by a neighboring router. Another embodiment includes making routing decisions based on interface information from a neighboring router. A further embodiment includes making routing decisions based on priorities determined from interface information. Another embodiment includes the steps of updating a routing table on a first gateway, which includes the steps of receiving data disclosing interface information on a neighboring second gateway, and updating a routing table based on the interface information. The interface information for the neighboring second gateway includes identification of communication interfaces on the second gateway, an interface type for each of the interfaces, and a physical type interface on which each virtual type interface is overlaid.