Abstract: A system for and method of improving fluid flow is provided. The system includes a discharge manifold defining a primary flow path partially obstructed by one or more flow diverter. The flow diverter includes an obtrusion pair, each obtrusion of the obtrusion pair extending from a rear wall of the discharge manifold into an interior area of the discharge manifold, thereby creating a void along the primary flow path. The system further includes a first nozzle extending through the primary flow path and into the void such that a nozzle inlet of the first nozzle is positioned at least partially within the void. The system further includes a plurality of subsequent nozzles, each of the first and subsequent nozzles defining a respective secondary flow path for directing fluid away from the discharge manifold. The method includes utilizing obtrusion pairs to reduce or eliminate hydraulic skip.

Abstract: A refrigerated display case having a front and including a duct to direct an air stream flow through a bottom, a back, and a top of the refrigerated display case, a guide vane communicating with the top of the duct to redirect the air stream flow along the front of the refrigerated display case, and a receiver coupled to the bottom of the duct to accept the air stream flow redirected by the guide vane. The guide vane includes a top wall, a bottom wall, a pair of side walls, a first end region, a second end region, a plurality of internal wall, and a plurality of flow paths extending between the first end region and the second end region and defined between the pair of side walls, and at least two of the top wall, the bottom wall, a first internal wall of the plurality of internal walls, and a second internal wall of the plurality of internal walls.

Abstract: A system for and method of improving fluid flow is provided. The system includes a discharge manifold defining a primary flow path partially obstructed by one or more flow diverter. The flow diverter includes an obtrusion pair, each obtrusion of the obtrusion pair extending from a rear wall of the discharge manifold into an interior area of the discharge manifold, thereby creating a void along the primary flow path. The system further includes a first nozzle extending through the primary flow path and into the void such that a nozzle inlet of the first nozzle is positioned at least partially within the void. The system further includes a plurality of subsequent nozzles, each of the first and subsequent nozzles defining a respective secondary flow path for directing fluid away from the discharge manifold. The method includes utilizing obtrusion pairs to reduce or eliminate hydraulic skip.

Abstract: A system for and method of improving fluid flow is provided. The system includes a discharge manifold defining a primary flow path partially obstructed by one or more flow diverter. The flow diverter includes an obtrusion pair, each obtrusion of the obtrusion pair extending from a rear wall of the discharge manifold into an interior area of the discharge manifold, thereby creating a void along the primary flow path. The system further includes a first nozzle extending through the primary flow path and into the void such that a nozzle inlet of the first nozzle is positioned at least partially within the void. The system further includes a plurality of subsequent nozzles, each of the first and subsequent nozzles defining a respective secondary flow path for directing fluid away from the discharge manifold. The method includes utilizing obtrusion pairs to reduce or eliminate hydraulic skip.

Abstract: A refrigerated display case having a front and including a duct to direct an air stream flow through a bottom, a back, and a top of the refrigerated display case, a guide vane communicating with the top of the duct to redirect the air stream flow along the front of the refrigerated display case, and a receiver coupled to the bottom of the duct to accept the air stream flow redirected by the guide vane. The guide vane includes a top wall, a bottom wall, a pair of side walls, a first end region, a second end region, a plurality of internal wall, and a plurality of flow paths extending between the first end region and the second end region and defined between the pair of side walls, and at least two of the top wall, the bottom wall, a first internal wall of the plurality of internal walls, and a second internal wall of the plurality of internal walls.

Abstract: A system for and method of improving fluid flow is provided. The system includes a discharge manifold defining a primary flow path partially obstructed by one or more flow diverter. The flow diverter includes an obtrusion pair, each obtrusion of the obtrusion pair extending from a rear wall of the discharge manifold into an interior area of the discharge manifold, thereby creating a void along the primary flow path. The system further includes a first nozzle extending through the primary flow path and into the void such that a nozzle inlet of the first nozzle is positioned at least partially within the void. The system further includes a plurality of subsequent nozzles, each of the first and subsequent nozzles defining a respective secondary flow path for directing fluid away from the discharge manifold. The method includes utilizing obtrusion pairs to reduce or eliminate hydraulic skip.

Abstract: An apparatus includes at least one evaporator having a surface configured for mounting of a power electronic device thereon, a condenser fluidically coupled to the at least one evaporator by at least two coolant conduits that electrically insulate the at least one evaporator from the condenser, and a dielectric coolant contained in a thermosyphon loop comprising the at least one evaporator, the condenser and the at least two coolant conduits. The at least one evaporator may include at least two evaporators fluidically coupled by at least one coupler that electrically insulates the at least two evaporators from one another. The at least one evaporator may be housed within an enclosure, and the condenser may be positioned within the enclosure or outside of the enclosure.

Abstract: An apparatus includes at least one evaporator having a surface configured for mounting of a power electronic device thereon, a condenser fluidically coupled to the at least one evaporator by at least two coolant conduits that electrically insulate the at least one evaporator from the condenser, and a dielectric coolant contained in a thermosyphon loop comprising the at least one evaporator, the condenser and the at least two coolant conduits. The at least one evaporator may include at least two evaporators fluidically coupled by at least one coupler that electrically insulates the at least two evaporators from one another. The at least one evaporator may be housed within an enclosure, and the condenser may be positioned within the enclosure or outside of the enclosure.

Abstract: A method is provided for reducing the extent of or occurrence of long-term adverse health effects in human infants, comprising feeding to said infants when newborn a nutrient-containing-formula providing not more than 1 gram of protein per 100 ml of formula and/or not more than 50 kcal per 100 ml of formula. Also disclosed are methods of administering the infant formulas to reduce the occurrence or extent of insulin resistance in an individual later in life, to reduce the occurrence or extent of obesity or atherosclerosis in an individual later in life, or combinations thereof, by feeding newborn infants the newborn infant formula described herein.

Abstract: Disclosed are newborn infant formulas comprising fat, carbohydrate, and from 0.5 to 2.5 g of protein per 100 ml of formula, wherein the formula has a caloric density of from 25 to 50 kcal per 100 ml of formula. Also disclosed are methods of administering the infant formulas to provide newborns with optimal nutrition, to reduce the occurrence or extent of insulin resistance in an individual later in life, to reduce the occurrence or extent of atherosclerosis or coronary artery disease in an individual later in life, or combinations thereof, by feeding newborn infants the newborn infant formula described herein.

Abstract: Disclosed are newborn infant formulas comprising fat, carbohydrate, and from 0.5 to 2.5 g of protein per 100 ml of formula, wherein the formula has a caloric density of from 25 to 50 kcal per 100 ml of formula. Also disclosed are methods of administering the infant formulas to provide newborns with optimal nutrition, to reduce the occurrence or extent of insulin resistance in an individual later in life, to reduce the occurrence or extent of atherosclerosis or coronary artery disease in an individual later in life, or combinations thereof, by feeding newborn infants the newborn infant formula described herein.

Abstract: Disclosed are newborn infant formulas comprising fat, carbohydrate, and from 0.5 to 2.5 g of protein per 100 ml of formula, wherein the formula has a caloric density of from 25 to 50 kcal per 100 ml of formula. Also disclosed are methods of administering the infant formulas to provide newborns with optimal nutrition, to reduce the occurrence or extent of insulin resistance in an individual later in life, to reduce the occurrence or extent of atherosclerosis or coronary artery disease in an individual later in life, or combinations thereof, by feeding newborn infants the newborn infant formula described herein.

Abstract: A method is provided for reducing the extent of or occurrence of long-term adverse health effects in human infants, comprising feeding to said infants when newborn a nutrient-containing-formula providing not more than 1 gram of protein per 100 ml of formula and/or not more than 50 kcal per 100 ml of formula. Also disclosed are methods of administering the infant formulas to reduce the occurrence or extent of insulin resistance in an individual later in life, to reduce the occurrence or extent of obesity or atherosclerosis in an individual later in life, or combinations thereof, by feeding newborn infants the newborn infant formula described herein.

Abstract: Disclosed are newborn infant formulas comprising fat, carbohydrate, and from 0.5 to 2.5 g of protein per 100 ml of formula, wherein the formula has a caloric density of from 25 to 50 kcal per 100 ml of formula. Also disclosed are methods of administering the infant formulas to provide newborns with optimal nutrition, to reduce the occurrence or extent of insulin resistance in an individual later in life, to reduce the occurrence or extent of atherosclerosis or coronary artery disease in an individual later in life, or combinations thereof, by feeding newborn infants the newborn infant formula described herein.

Abstract: Disclosed are newborn infant formulas comprising fat, carbohydrate, and from 0.5 to 2.5 g of protein per 100 ml of formula, wherein the formula has a caloric density of from 25 to 50 kcal per 100 ml of formula. Also disclosed are methods of administering the infant formulas to provide newborns with optimal nutrition, to reduce the occurrence or extent of insulin resistance in an individual later in life, to reduce the occurrence or extent of atherosclerosis or coronary artery disease in an individual later in life, or combinations thereof, by feeding newborn infants the newborn infant formula described herein.