Abstract: Processes for decreasing expression of a CD274 gene and/or a PD-L1 protein in a subject in need of such expression changes are provided. The processes include administering to the subject a composition including at least 0.5% of an active ingredient by weight. The active ingredient includes cinnamtannin D1 and/or cinnamtannin B1. The processes further include decreasing expression of a CD274 gene and/or a PD-L1 protein in the subject by the step of administering.

Abstract: Processes for treating an autoimmune disease or condition by decreasing expression of a CD274 gene and/or a PD-L1 protein and increasing expression of a PDCD1 gene and/or a PD-1 protein in a subject in need of such expression changes are provided. The processes include administering to the subject a composition including at least 0.5% of cinnamtannin D-1 and/or cinnamtannin B-1. The processes further include decreasing expression of a CD274 gene and/or a PD-L1 protein and increasing expression of a PDCD1 gene and/or a PD-1 protein in the subject by the step of administering at the desired concentration or for the desired time wherein the composition may increase or decrease the relative expression levels of the genes or proteins while simultaneously ameliorating, preventing, or modulating a cardiac event in the subject.

Abstract: Processes for decreasing expression of a CD274 gene and/or a PD-L1 protein and increasing expression of a PDCD1 gene and/or a PD-1 protein in a subject in need of such expression changes are provided. The processes include administering to the subject a composition including at least 0.5% of cinnamtannin D-1 and/or cinnamtannin B-1. The processes further include decreasing expression of a CD274 gene and/or a PD-L1 protein and increasing expression of a PDCD1 gene and/or a PD-1 protein in the subject by the step of administering at the desired concentration or for the desired time wherein the composition may increase or decrease the relative expression levels of the genes or proteins while simultaneously ameliorating, preventing, or modulating a cardiac event in the subject.

Abstract: Processes for decreasing expression of a CD274 gene and/or a PD-L1 protein and increasing expression of a PDCD1 gene and/or a PD-1 protein in a subject in need of such expression changes are provided. The processes include administering to the subject a composition including at least 0.5% of cinnamtannin D-1 and/or cinnamtannin B-1. The processes further include decreasing expression of a CD274 gene and/or a PD-L1 protein and increasing expression of a PDCD1 gene and/or a PD-1 protein in the subject by the step of administering at the desired concentration or for the desired time wherein the composition may increase or decrease the relative expression levels of the genes or proteins while simultaneously ameliorating, preventing, or modulating a cardiac event in the subject.

Abstract: Processes for decreasing expression of a CD274 gene and/or a PD-L1 protein in a subject in need of such expression changes are provided. The processes include administering to the subject a composition including at least 0.5% of an active ingredient by weight. The active ingredient includes cinnamtannin D1 and/or cinnamtannin B1. The processes further include decreasing expression of a CD274 gene and/or a PD-L1 protein in the subject by the step of administering.

Abstract: Processes for increasing expression of a MTOR gene or a mTOR protein or decreasing expression of a MSTN gene or a myostatin protein in a subject in need of such expression changes are provided. The processes include administering to the subject a composition including at least 0.5% Type-A polymers by weight. The Type-A polymers include A-Type doubly-linked procyanidin oligomers of the catechins and/or epicatechins. The processes further include increasing expression of a MTOR gene or a mTOR protein or decreasing expression of a MSTN gene or a myostatin protein in the subject by the step of administering.

Abstract: A dietary supplement composition is provided for enhancing the expression of a sirtuin gene or protein. An inventive supplement composition includes at least one cinnamon extract containing at least 0.5% doubly linked Type-A polymers by dry weight. The cinnamon extract is derived from the Cinnamonum aromaticum, Cinnamonum verum or Cinnamonum burmannii plant. In some embodiments, the cinnamon extract is present at approximately 20%-50% of the dry weight of the composition. A vitamin, weight loss agent, or antioxidant is optionally provided in the composition. The dietary supplement composition is administered orally to promote expression or enhanced expression of a sirtuin gene or protein.

Abstract: Provided are process of regulating expression of one or more genes or proteins involved in circadian rhythm. A subject such as a cell is administered or contacted to an extract of rosemary, an extract of hemerocallis fulva, or combinations thereof, optionally provided as a component of a dietary supplement. The presence of one or more active agents in the extracts administered at a targeted administration time alters the expression of one or more genes or proteins involved in circadian rhythm, illustratively CLOCK, BMAL1, FBXL3, FBXL21, or SIRT1.

Abstract: Processes are provided for altering an expression of a mood condition or disorder in a subject without a sleep disorder includes administering to the subject without a sleep disorder in need thereof an effective amount of an extract of rosemary, an extract of Hemerocallis fulva, an active component thereof, or combinations thereof at an administration time.

Abstract: Provided are process of regulating expression of one or more genes or proteins involved in circadian rhythm. A subject such as a cell is administered or contacted to an extract of rosemary, an extract of hemerocallis fulva, or combinations thereof, optionally provided as a component of a dietary supplement. The presence of one or more active agents in the extracts administered at a targeted administration time alters the expression of one or more genes or proteins involved in circadian rhythm, illustratively CLOCK, BMAL1, FBXL3, FBXL21, or SIRT1.

Abstract: Provided are compositions and processes of treating or preventing one or more conditions related to a protein involved in circadian rhythm. A composition includes an extract of rosemary, an extract of hemerocallis fulva, active portion or component thereof, or combinations thereof, optionally provided as a component of a dietary supplement. The presence of one or more active ingredients in the extracts optionally administered at a targeted administration time alters the expression of one or more genes or proteins involved in circadian rhythm, illustratively CLOCK, BMAL1, FBXL3, FBXL21, or SIRT1.

Abstract: A process for increasing lean body mass in a mammalian subject is provided that includes administering to the subject a purified quantity of maslinic acid, oleanolic acid, or a combination thereof. The administration can be orally and benefits from ingestion of an amino acid source such as dietary protein, oligopeptides, or amino acids. Administration within 2 hours of muscle-degrading exercise or on a daily basis for a period of time increases lean body mass.

Abstract: A dietary supplement composition is provided for enhancing the expression of a sirtuin gene or protein. An inventive supplement composition includes at least one cinnamon extract containing at least 0.5% doubly linked Type-A polymers by dry weight. The cinnamon extract is derived from the Cinnamonum aromaticum, Cinnamonum verum or Cinnamonum burmannii plant. In some embodiments, the cinnamon extract is present at approximately 20%-50% of the dry weight of the composition. A vitamin, weight loss agent, or antioxidant is optionally provided in the composition. The dietary supplement composition is administered orally to promote expression or enhanced expression of a sirtuin gene or protein.

Abstract: A process for increasing lean body mass in a mammalian subject is provided that includes administering to the subject a purified quantity of maslinic acid, oleanolic acid, or a combination thereof. The administration can be orally and benefits from ingestion of an amino acid source such as dietary protein, oligopeptides, or amino acids. Administration within 2 hours of muscle-degrading exercise or on a daily basis for a period of time increases lean body mass.