Abstract: Process for coating plastics with metals, wherein the plastics are pretreated with a composition comprising at least one salt having a melting point of less than 100° C. at 1 bar (hereinafter referred to as ionic liquid).

Abstract: A process is proposed for cleaning an apparatus to remove deposits from a process for the recovery of purified N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) by evaporating NMP from a contaminated NMP stream which is obtained in a process for the extractive separation of acetylene from the reaction mixture of a partial oxidation of hydrocarbons after expulsion of the acetylene as a gas, wherein hot water is passed into the apparatus and is stirred.

Abstract: Method of adjusting the viscosity of a salt having a melting point of less than 100° C. at atmospheric pressure (referred to as ionic liquid for short), wherein an oligomeric or polymeric compound which has a content of at least 0.01 mol of covalently bound acid groups/100 g of compound with at least 1% of the acid groups being present as a salt with an organic cation comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus is added to the ionic liquid.

Abstract: Method of adjusting the viscosity of a salt having a melting point of less than 100° C. at atmospheric pressure (referred to as ionic liquid for short), wherein a compound which has a content of at least 0.1 mol of functional groups/100 g of compound and in which the functional groups are selected from among acid, acid amide, amino, ammonium and hydroxyl groups is added to the ionic liquid.

Abstract: Process for coating plastics with metals, wherein the plastics are pretreated with a composition comprising at least one salt having a melting point of less than 100° C. at 1 bar (hereinafter referred to as ionic liquid).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of removing residues of a metal salt comprising ionic liquid—from a workpiece, which comprises the step (a) treatment of at least part of the workpiece surface with a treatment agent comprising a metal salt ionic liquid-free and/or an organic solvent which is an optionally halogenated hydrocarbon or a mixture of two or more of such hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Method of adjusting the viscosity of a salt having a melting point of less than 100° C. at atmospheric pressure (referred to as ionic liquid for short), wherein an oligomeric or polymeric compound which has a content of at least 0.01 mol of covalently bound acid groups/100 g of compound with at least 1% of the acid groups being present as a salt with an organic cation comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus is added to the ionic liquid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the electrochemical deposition of aluminum, by means of which matt or shiny, dense aluminum layers can be obtained and which comprises the steps: (a) provision of an electrolysis apparatus having at least one anode and at least one cathode in an electrolysis space, (b) electrochemical deposition of aluminum on the at least one cathode of the electrolysis apparatus from an ionic liquid comprising anions and cations and also one or more metal salt(s) and one or more additive(s), wherein the current density at the at least one cathode is at least 50 A/m2.

Abstract: The invention relates to an operating fluid for a steam cycle process apparatus comprising a steam generator, an expander, a condenser and a reservoir for the operating fluid, comprising a working medium that evaporates by supplying heat in the steam generator, performs mechanical work in the vapour phase by expanding in the expander and condenses in the condenser and an ionic liquid which forms a mixture with the working medium, wherein the melting point of the mixture lies below ?5° C.

Abstract: Absorption heat pumps, absorption refrigeration machines and absorption heat transformers (referred to as apparatus for short) operated using A) methanol as refrigerant and B) a composition comprising the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIM acetate for short) as absorption medium.

Abstract: A process is proposed for cleaning an apparatus to remove deposits from a process for the recovery of purified N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) by evaporating NMP from a contaminated NMP stream which is obtained in a process for the extractive separation of acetylene from the reaction mixture of a partial oxidation of hydrocarbons after expulsion of the acetylene as a gas, wherein hot water is passed into the apparatus and is stirred.

Abstract: An amine-containing mixture containing one or more amines, water, low-boilers and optionally high-boilers is fractionated by a process having the steps (iii) and (iv) and optionally the steps (i), (ii) and (v): (i) a (first) low-boiler fraction is separated off from the amine-containing mixture by distillation, (ii) a (first) high-boiler fraction is separated off from the amine-containing mixture by distillation, (iii) the amine-containing mixture is extracted with sodium hydroxide solution, producing an aqueous, sodium-hydroxide-containing first phase and an aqueous-organic, amine-, (further) low-boiler- and possibly (further) high-boiler-containing second phase, (iv) the aqueous-organic second phase, is distilled, producing essentially anhydrous amine as bottom-phase take off or sidestream takeoff in the stripping part of the distillation column, an amine/water azeotrop as sidestream takeoff in the enrichment part of the column and a (further) low-boiler fraction as overhead takeoff, and recycling the amin

Abstract: A mixture containing one or more amines, water, low-boilers and high-boilers, is fractioned in a process wherein (i) low-boilers are separated from the mixture by distillation, (ii) high-boilers are separated from the mixture by distillation, (iii) the mixture is extracted with a sodium hydroxide solution to form an aqueous, sodium-hydroxide-containing first phase and an aqueous-organic, amine-containing second phase, and (iv) the aqueous-organic second phase is distilled to form an amine/water azeotrop and an essentially anhydrous amine, and the amine/water azeotrop is recycled to the extraction step (iii).

Abstract: A process for fractionating an amine-containing mixture which comprises one or more amines, water, low-boilers and high-boilers, having the steps (i) to (iv): (i) separating off by distillation low-boilers from the amine-containing mixture, (ii) separating off by distillation high-boilers from the amine-containing mixture, (iii) extracting the amine-containing mixture with sodium hydroxide solution, producing an aqueous, sodium-hydroxide-containing first phase and an aqueous-organic, amine-containing second phase, (iv) distilling the aqueous-organic second phase, producing an amine/water azeotrope and an essentially anhydrous amine, and recycling the amine/water azeotrope to the extraction step (iii).

Abstract: A mixture containing mixture one or more amines, water, low-boilers and high-boilers, is fractioned in a process wherein (i) low-boilers are separated from the mixture by distillation, (ii) high-boilers are separated from the mixture by distillation, (iii) the mixture is extracted with a sodium hydroxide solution to form an aqueous, sodium-hydroxide-containing first phase and an aqueous-organic, amine-containing second phase, and (iv) the aqueous-organic second phase is distilled to form an amine/water azeotrope and an essentially anhydrous amine, and the amine/water azeotrope is recycled to the extraction step (iii).

Abstract: A process for fractionating an amine-containing mixture which comprises one or more amines, water, low-boilers and optionally high-boilers, having the steps (i) to (v):

Abstract: A process for fractionating an amine-containing mixture which comprises one or more amines, water, low-boilers and high-boilers, having the steps (i) to (iv):