Abstract: An electrode includes an electrode composition having carbon nanotubes; carbon black particles having a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area greater than 90 m2/g, and an oil adsorption number (OAN) greater than 150 mL/100g, wherein the ratio of the carbon nanotubes to the carbon black particles ranges from 3:1 to 0.25:1 by weight; and an electroactive material selected from lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide or lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide; and a current collector contacting the electrode composition. The total concentration of the carbon nanotubes and the carbon black particles is equal to or less than 3 wt % of the electrode composition.

Abstract: An electrode includes an electrode composition having carbon nanotubes; carbon black particles having a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area greater than 90 m2/g, and an oil adsorption number (OAN) greater than 150 mL/100 g, wherein the ratio of the carbon nanotubes to the carbon black particles ranges from 3:1 to 0.25:1 by weight; and an electroactive material selected from lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide or lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide; and a current collector contacting the electrode composition. The total concentration of the carbon nanotubes and the carbon black particles is equal to or less than 3 wt % of the electrode composition.

Abstract: An electrode includes an electrode composition having graphenes; carbon black particles having a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area greater than 90 m2/g, and an oil adsorption number (OAN) greater than 150 mL/100 g, wherein the ratio of the carbon black particles to the graphenes ranges from 3:1 to 6:1 by weight; and an electroactive material selected from the group consisting of lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide and lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, wherein the total concentration of the graphenes and the carbon black particles is equal to or less than 2 wt % of the electrode composition; and a current collector contacting the electrode composition.

Abstract: A composition, includes: carbon black particles having a surface energy less than 5 mJ/m2; graphite particles having a BET surface area greater than 5 m2/g and more than about 50 graphitic layers, wherein the ratio of the carbon black particles to the graphite particles ranges from 0.25:1 to 4:1 by weight; and a liquid medium.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are oxidized carbon blacks, which can be incorporated into electrode compositions for lead acid batteries. In some embodiments, the oxidized carbon blacks have a BET surface area ranging from 650 to 2100 m2/g; an oil absorption number (OAN) ranging from 35 to 500 mL/100 g; and a volatile content of at least 5.5 wt. % relative to the total weight of the oxidized carbon black, as determined by weight loss at 950° C.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are oxidized carbon blacks, which can be incorporated into electrode compositions for lead acid batteries. In some embodiments, the oxidized carbon blacks have a BET surface area ranging from 650 to 2100 m2/g; an oil absorption number (OAN) ranging from 35 to 500 mL/100 g; and a volatile content of at least 5.5 wt. % relative to the total weight of the oxidized carbon black, as determined by weight loss at 950° C.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are oxidized carbon blacks, which can be incorporated into electrode compositions for lead acid batteries. In some embodiments, the oxidized carbon blacks have a BET surface area ranging from 650 to 2100 m2/g; an oil absorption number (OAN) ranging from 35 to 500 mL/100 g; and a volatile content of at least 5.5 wt. % relative to the total weight of the oxidized carbon black, as determined by weight loss at 950° C.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are oxidized carbon blacks, which can be incorporated into electrode compositions for lead acid batteries. In some embodiments, the oxidized carbon blacks have a BET surface area ranging from 650 to 2100 m2/g; an oil absorption number (OAN) ranging from 35 to 500 mL/100 g; and a volatile content of at least 5.5 wt. % relative to the total weight of the oxidized carbon black, as determined by weight loss at 950° C.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are cathode formulations comprising a lithium ion-based electroactive material having a D50 ranging from 1 ?m to 6 ?m; and carbon black having BET surface area ranging from 130 to 700 m2/g and an OAN ranging from 150 mL/100 g to 300 mL/100 g. Also disclosed are cathode formulations comprising a first lithium ion-based electroactive material having a particle size distribution of 1 ?m?D50?5 ?m, and a second lithium ion-based electroactive material having a particle size distribution of 5 ?m<D50?15 ?m. Cathodes comprising these active materials can exhibit a maximum pulse power in W/kg and W/L of the mixture higher than maximum pulse power of the first or second electroactive material individually, or an energy density in Wh/kg and Wh/L of the mixture higher than energy density of the first or second electroactive material individually. The cathode formulations can further comprise carbon black having BET surface area ranging from 130 to 700 m2/g.

Abstract: A mesoporous polymeric membrane for use as an ionically-conductive inter-electrode separator in a rechargeable battery cell is prepared from a coatable composition comprising a polymeric material, a volatile fluid solvent for the polymeric material, and a second fluid miscible with and of lesser volatility than the solvent, the second fluid being a nonsolvent exhibiting no significant solvency for the polymeric material. A layer is cast from the composition to form a layer which is gelled and solidified to a self-supporting membrane by volatilizing the solvent and nonsolvent coating vehicle fluids under conditions in which the solvent volatilizes at a rate substantially faster than that of the nonsolvent.

Abstract: A mesoporous polymeric membrane for use as an ionically-conductive inter-electrode separator in a rechargeable battery cell contains a like distribution of mesopore voids throughout a membrane matrix. The porous membrane is capable of absorbing significant amounts of electrolyte solution to provide suitable ionic conductivity for use in rechargeable battery cells. The addition of inert particulate filler to the coating composition provides further strength in the body of the membrane and provides particulate support within the membrane mesopores which prevents collapse of the voids at cell fabrication laminating temperatures and thus maintains electrolyte absorption capability.

Abstract: A mesoporous polymeric membrane for use as an ionically-conductive inter-electrode separator in a rechargeable battery cell is prepared from a coatable composition comprising a polymeric material, a volatile fluid solvent for the polymeric material, and a second fluid miscible with and of lesser volatility than the solvent, the second fluid being a nonsolvent exhibiting no significant solvency for the polymeric material. A layer is cast from the composition to form a layer which is gelled and solidified to a self-supporting membrane by volatilizing the solvent and nonsolvent coating vehicle fluids under conditions in which the solvent volatilizes at a rate substantially faster than that of the nonsolvent. As a result the polymeric material initially gells in the more nonsolvent-predominant regions of the layer and isolates the nonsolvent as droplets substantially uniformly distributed throughout a matrix of polymeric material.

Abstract: Supercapacitor cell electrode and separator elements formulated as membranes of plasticized polymers matrix compositions are laminated with electrically conductive current collector elements to form flexible, unitary supercapacitor structures. The matrix plasticizer component is extracted from the laminate with polymer-inert solvent and replaced with electrolyte solution to activate the supercapacitor. Various arrangements of cell structure elements provide parallel and series cell structures which yield improved specific energy capacity and increased voltage output for utilization demands. The supercapacitor elements may also be laminated with similar polymeric rechargeable battery cell structures to provide hybrid devices capable of delivering both high energy and high power as needed in electronic systems.

Abstract: Supercapacitor cell electrode and separator elements formulated as membranes of plasticized polymeric matrix compositions are laminated with electrically conductive current collector elements to form flexible, unitary supercapacitor structures. The matrix plasticizer component is extracted from the laminate with polymer-inert solvent and replaced with electrolyte solution to activate the supercapacitor. Various arrangements of cell structure elements provide parallel and series cell structures which yield improved specific energy capacity and increased voltage output for utilization demands. The supercapacitor elements may also be laminated with similar polymeric rechargeable battery cell structures to provide hybrid devices capable of delivering both high energy and high power as needed in electronic systems.

Abstract: An electrochromic device (10) of reversible light-transmissivity comprises a pair of spaced-apart window plate members (11, 13) bearing electrically-conductive surface layers (12, 14) and containing an electrochromotropic electrolyte solution in the intervening space (16). The electrolyte comprises an aqueous inorganic solution of a silver salt and may further comprise a salt of a transition metal. The electrolyte solutions are responsive to varying applied voltages by transitioning between solution phases of varying light-transmissivity which, depending upon solution composition, may be persistent or passively reversible.