Abstract: A head-mounted device may have left-eye and right-eye optical modules that may have a display that creates an image and a corresponding lens that provides the image to an eye box for viewing by a user. The optical modules each include a lens barrel to which the display and lens of that optical module are mounted and a head-mounted optical module gaze tracking system. The gaze tracking system may have light-emitting devices such as light-emitting diodes that emit light at a given near infrared wavelength and may operate through the lens and a removable supplemental lens. The supplemental lens may be a prescription lens and may have an antireflection portion that reduces the reflectance of the lens across visible and near infrared wavelengths. The antireflection portion may be a thin-film interference coating or a moth-eye portion. In this way, the gaze tracking system may operate through the removable supplemental lens.

Abstract: An electronic device may include an ambient light sensor or other semiconductor sensor. The sensor may produce signals in response to light incident on the electronic device and therefore incident on the sensor. In some cases, components within the electronic device, such as infrared components, or external light sources may interfere with the operation of the sensor. Therefore, the sensor may include a filter that transmits at least a portion of visible light while blocking infrared light. Because light may be incident on the electronic device from a variety of angles, a diffuser in the sensor may scatter the light into a desired angular distribution. To ensure that infrared light is blocked regardless of the angle of the incident light, the filter may include both thin-film dielectric layers and metal layers. The metal layers may be interleaved with the thin-film dielectric layers.

Abstract: An electronic device such as a head-mounted device may have a display that displays computer-generated content for a user. The head-mounted device may have an optical system that directs the computer-generated content towards eye boxes for viewing by a user. The optical system may include a spatially addressable adjustable optical component. The adjustable optical component may have first and second electrodes and an electrically adjustable material between the first and second electrodes. The electrically adjustable material may include a transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide that includes a pattern of segmented trenches configured to provide the transparent conductive material with electrical anisotropy. Contacts may be coupled to the transparent conductive material. Control circuitry can adjust the electrically adjustable material to form a spatially addressable light modulator or adjustable lens.

Abstract: A head-mounted device may have optical modules that present images to a user's left and right eyes. Each optical module may have a lens support structure that supports a display and a fixed lens. Vision correction lenses may be removably coupled to the fixed lenses to help customize the head-mounted device to the vision of a particular user. A user may view images on the displays through the removable and fixed lenses from eye boxes. The optical modules may include infrared light sources that supply infrared light to the eye boxes and infrared light sensors such as infrared cameras for gaze tracking and authentication. The lenses may have optical surfaces covered with coating that enhance optical performance and may have edge surfaces that are provided with structures to help reduce stray light reflections. The lenses may be configured to pass visible and infrared light.

Abstract: An optical device includes a dielectric substrate and a cured resin coating adhered to the substrate. The resin coating includes an organic component and an inorganic component. A surface portion of the resin coating includes greater than about 60 at. % inorganic component and less than about 40 at. % organic component, an intermediate portion includes between about 10 at. % and about 60 at. % inorganic component, and between about 40 at. % and about 90 at. % inorganic component, and a bottom portion includes less than about 10 at. % inorganic component and greater than about 90 at. % organic component. The resin coating has improved hard coat properties and excellent adhesion to a dielectric.

Abstract: An electronic device may have transparent housing structures such as walls formed of glass or sapphire. Housing structures such as transparent housing structures may have a colored coating. The colored coating may include an absorptive layer and a metal layer. The coating may exhibit a color that can be adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the thin absorptive layer. A colored layer such as a layer of colored polymer may be incorporated into the colored coating to further adjust the color of the coating. The colored coating may be formed on an inner or outer housing structure surface. The surface may have a texture to provide the coating with a matte appearance. When formed on an outer surface, a diamond-like carbon layer may protect the colored coating. When formed on an inner surface, a passivation layer may be used to prevent oxidation of the metal layer.

Abstract: An electronic device may have transparent housing structures such as walls formed of glass or sapphire. Housing structures such as transparent housing structures may have a colored coating. The colored coating may include an absorptive layer and a metal layer. The coating may exhibit a color that can be adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the thin absorptive layer. A colored layer such as a layer of colored polymer may be incorporated into the colored coating to further adjust the color of the coating. The colored coating may be formed on an inner or outer housing structure surface. The surface may have a texture to provide the coating with a matte appearance. When formed on an outer surface, a diamond-like carbon layer may protect the colored coating. When formed on an inner surface, a passivation layer may be used to prevent oxidation of the metal layer.

Abstract: Transparent conductors including a silver layer with high transparency and low sheet resistance are described. In some examples, the silver layer can be located between two transparent conductive oxide layers. The transparent conductor can further include additional transparent conductive oxide layers, optical layers, and/or additional conductive layers (e.g., layers including ITO or another fully or partially transparent conductive material), for example. In some examples, transparent conductors including a silver layer can be included in a touch screen device. For example, one or more shielding layers or one or more touch electrodes can include transparent conductors with a silver layer. In some examples, the silver layer can improve transparency, sheet resistance, and/or infrared reflection characteristics of the transparent conductor.

Abstract: An electronic device may have a display cover layer provided with an infrared-transparent antireflection coating. A pixel array may emit visible light through the cover layer and the coating. An infrared emitter may emit infrared light and an infrared sensor may receive infrared light through the coating and the cover layer. The coating may include a stack of thin-film interference layers. The stack may include alternating lower and higher refractive index layers. The layers may have thicknesses and materials that configure the coating to exhibit an infrared transmittance of greater than 94% from 920 nm to 960 nm and a photopic reflectance of less than 1.5%. The coating may reflect visible light to prevent displayed images from being obscured by visible reflections. At the same time, some photopic reflectance of the coating may be sacrificed to maximize infrared transmittance and accommodate operation by the infrared emitter and sensor.

Abstract: An electronic device such as a head-mounted device may have a display that displays computer-generated content for a user. The head-mounted device may have an optical system that directs the computer-generated content towards eye boxes for viewing by a user. The optical system may include a spatially addressable adjustable optical component. The adjustable optical component may have first and second electrodes and an electrically adjustable material between the first and second electrodes. The electrically adjustable material may include a transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide that includes a pattern of segmented trenches configured to provide the transparent conductive material with electrical anisotropy. Contacts may be coupled to the transparent conductive material. Control circuitry can adjust the electrically adjustable material to form a spatially addressable light modulator or adjustable lens.

Abstract: A window may be provided with a light modulator. The light modulator may be dynamically adjusted to control visible light transmission through the window. The window may also have layers that selectively block light with non-visible wavelengths. The light-blocking layers may block ultraviolet light, near infrared light such as light from solar radiation, and far infrared light such as heat produced due to the absorption of visible light by the light modulator. The light modulator may be a guest-host liquid crystal light modulator. The guest-host liquid crystal light modulator may have a layer of liquid crystal material with dye that is interposed between polymer substrate layers. The polymer substrate layers may be thermoplastic layers that are moldable to conform to window shapes with compound curves.

Abstract: An electronic device may have a display cover layer provided with an infrared-transparent antireflection coating. A pixel array may emit visible light through the cover layer and the coating. An infrared emitter may emit infrared light and an infrared sensor may receive infrared light through the coating and the cover layer. The coating may include a stack of thin-film interference layers. The stack may include alternating lower and higher refractive index layers. The layers may have thicknesses and materials that configure the coating to exhibit an infrared transmittance of greater than 94% from 920 nm to 960 nm and a photopic reflectance of less than 1.5%. The coating may reflect visible light to prevent displayed images from being obscured by visible reflections. At the same time, some photopic reflectance of the coating may be sacrificed to maximize infrared transmittance and accommodate operation by the infrared emitter and sensor.

Abstract: An electronic device may have transparent members such as display cover layers and camera windows. A transparent member such as a sapphire member may be provided with an antireflection coating. The antireflection coating may have a stack of dielectric thin-film interference filter layers that form a thin-film interference filter that suppresses visible light reflections. The stack of dielectric thin-film interference filter layers may have thicknesses and materials that provide the thin-film interference filter and coating with low light reflection properties while enhancing scratch resistance. An adhesion layer may be used to help adhere the stack of thin-film interference filter layer to the transparent member. An antismudge coating such as a fluoropolymer coating may be used to reduce smudging. Graded layers and layers with elevated hardness values may be used in the coating.

Abstract: An electronic device may have transparent housing structures such as walls formed of glass or sapphire. Housing structures such as transparent housing structures may have a colored coating. The colored coating may include an absorptive layer and a metal layer. The coating may exhibit a color that can be adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the thin absorptive layer. A colored layer such as a layer of colored polymer may be incorporated into the colored coating to further adjust the color of the coating. The colored coating may be formed on an inner or outer housing structure surface. The surface may have a texture to provide the coating with a matte appearance. When formed on an outer surface, a diamond-like carbon layer may protect the colored coating. When formed on an inner surface, a passivation layer may be used to prevent oxidation of the metal layer.

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with a display mounted in a housing. The display may have an array of pixels that form an active area and may have an inactive area that runs along an edge of the active area. An opaque layer may be formed on an inner surface of a display cover layer in the inactive area of the display or may be formed on another transparent layer in the electronic device. An ambient light sensor window may be formed from the opening and may be aligned with color ambient light sensor. The ambient light sensor may have an integrated circuit with an array of photodetectors and may have a color filter layer forming a corresponding array of thin-film interference color filters with different respective pass bands. The color filter layer may have a shared dielectric stack and multiple color-filter-specific dielectric stacks on the shared dielectric stack.

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with a display. The display may have an array of pixels that form an active area and may have an inactive area that runs along an edge of the active area. An opaque layer may be formed on an inner surface of a display cover layer in the inactive area of the display or may be formed on another transparent layer in the electronic device. An ambient light sensor window may be formed from the opening and may be aligned with color ambient light sensor. The ambient light sensor may have an integrated circuit with photodetectors. Ambient light passing through the ambient light sensor window may be diffused by a light diffuser having one or more light-diffusing layers. Diffused ambient light may be collimated using a light collimator having one or more light-collimating layers such as layers with inwardly facing protrusions.

Abstract: A sapphire structure including an ion-implanted, anti-reflective layer and a method of forming an ion-implanted, anti-reflective layer within a sapphire component is disclosed. The method includes forming an ion-implanted layer in a sapphire material at a first depth, and annealing the sapphire material to a second depth. The second depth may be greater than or equal to the first depth. The ion-implanted layer may have a first index of refraction, and the sapphire material may have a second index of refraction different from the first index of refraction.

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with a display. The display may have an array of pixels that form an active area and may have an inactive area that runs along an edge of the active area. An opaque layer may be formed on an inner surface of a display cover layer in the inactive area of the display or may be formed on another transparent layer in the electronic device. An ambient light sensor window may be formed from the opening and may be aligned with color ambient light sensor. The ambient light sensor may have an integrated circuit with photodetectors. Ambient light passing through the ambient light sensor window may be diffused by a light diffuser having one or more light-diffusing layers. Diffused ambient light may be collimated using a light collimator having one or more light-collimating layers such as layers with inwardly facing protrusions.

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with a display. An opaque layer may be formed on an inner surface of a display cover layer in an inactive area of the display. An optical component window may be formed from the opening. A light guide may be aligned with the optical component window and may be used to guide light from the optical component window to an optical component such as an ambient light sensor. The light guide may have a core surrounded by a cladding. The core may be formed from a material such as blue glass that absorbs infrared light and that transmits visible light. Particles of titanium dioxide or other high-refractive-index material may be incorporated into the core to enhance the refractive index of the core. Thin-film interference filters may be formed on the light guide to enhance infrared light blocking.

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with a display mounted in a housing. The display may have an array of pixels that form an active area and may have an inactive area that runs along an edge of the active area. An opaque layer may be formed on an inner surface of a display cover layer in the inactive area of the display or may be formed on another transparent layer in the electronic device. An ambient light sensor window may be formed from the opening and may be aligned with color ambient light sensor. The ambient light sensor may have an integrated circuit with an array of photodetectors and may have a color filter layer forming a corresponding array of thin-film interference color filters with different respective pass bands. The color filter layer may have a shared dielectric stack and multiple color-filter-specific dielectric stacks on the shared dielectric stack.