Abstract: This disclosure provides methods, devices, and systems for wireless communications. The present implementations more specifically relate to reducing the power consumption of radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers without sacrificing power efficiency. In some aspects, an RF transmitter may include a signal generator, a power amplifier, and a duty cycle controller. The signal generator is configured to produce one or more RF signals based on a modulation scheme, and the power amplifier is configured to amplify the one or more RF signals for transmission over a wireless communication channel. In some implementations, the duty cycle controller may adjust a duty cycle of each RF signal based on data to be transmitted according to the modulation scheme. By changing the duty cycle of the RF signal, the duty cycle controller may toggle the output power of the power amplifier and thus modulate the amplitude of the output waveform to carry the data.

Abstract: A method for treating a multilayer system of an extreme ultraviolet photolithography mask, the method comprises providing a first pulsed laser irradiation with at least one first pulse parameter, providing a second pulsed laser irradiation with at least one second pulse parameter, and directing the first pulsed laser irradiation and the second pulsed laser irradiation into and/or onto the multilayer system, wherein the first pulsed laser irradiation and the second pulsed laser irradiation differ in a reflectivity change (SR)/registration change (?REG) ratio induced in the EUV photolithography mask.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods, devices, and systems for wireless communications. The present implementations more specifically relate to reducing the power consumption of radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers without sacrificing power efficiency. In some aspects, an RF transmitter may include a modulator, a power amplifier, and a duty cycle controller coupled between the modulator and the power amplifier. The modulator is configured to modulate data onto a carrier signal according to a frequency modulation (FM) scheme. The duty cycle controller is configured to adjust a duty cycle of the FM signal based on a target output power associated with the power amplifier. In some implementations, the duty cycle controller may reduce the duty cycle of the FM signal so that the adjusted duty cycle causes the power amplifier to operate at the target output power. The power amplifier amplifies the adjusted FM signal for transmission over a wireless communication channel.

Abstract: A carbonation machine includes a carbonation head to sealingly couple to a bottle filled with liquid to be carbonated; a piping to introduce and compress carbon dioxide into a space within the bottle above a top surface of the liquid to a predetermined pressure level when the bottle is coupled to the carbonation head; a stirrer to stir the liquid to enhance absorption of carbon dioxide in the liquid when the bottle is coupled to the carbonation head; and a manually operated valve mechanism configured to be moved to any position between a closed position to an open position for user-controlled release of pressure within the space.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for preventing damage to a radio frequency (RF) receiver are disclosed. An example RF protection circuit forms part of an RF receiver and includes an antenna interface configured to receive an RF signal from an antenna, an excess power detection circuit coupled to the antenna interface, the excess power detection circuit configured to compare a power of the RF signal to a threshold power level, and an RF switch coupled between the antenna interface and an input terminal of a low-noise amplifier (LNA), the RF switch configured to decouple the antenna interface from the input terminal of the LNA in response to the excess power detection circuit determining that the power of the RF signal exceeds the threshold power level.

Abstract: A carbonation machine includes a carbonation head to sealingly couple to a bottle filled with liquid to be carbonated; a piping to introduce and compress carbon dioxide into a space within the bottle above a top surface of the liquid to a predetermined pressure level when the bottle is coupled to the carbonation head; a stirrer to stir the liquid to enhance absorption of carbon dioxide in the liquid when the bottle is coupled to the carbonation head; and a manually operated valve mechanism configured to be moved to any position between a closed position to an open position for user-controlled release of pressure within the space.

Abstract: A carbonation machine may include a carbonation head, a holder that is configured to hold a gas canister, the holder comprising a connector with a socket configured to enable linear insertion of a valve of the canister into the socket, the socket including a seal with at least one lateral opening to enable fluidic flow between one or more laterally oriented ports of the valve and a conduit of the holder while preventing leakage of gas from the fluidic flow, and a holding mechanism configured to hold a lateral projection from the canister after insertion of the valve into the socket such that the valve remains in the socket, and an activation mechanism configured to operate the valve to release the gas from the canister when inserted into the socket so as to enable the gas to flow via the conduit to the carbonation head.

Abstract: A method for treating an optical element for the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelength range, the method comprises providing a pulsed laser irradiation, wherein the pulsed laser irradiation comprises a plurality of pulse sequences, each pulse sequence comprising a plurality of pulses, wherein a first pulse and a second pulse of the plurality of pulses are separated by a time of 100 ns or less, and directing the laser irradiation onto the optical element for the EUV wavelength range.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods, devices, and systems for wireless communications. The present implementations more specifically relate to reducing the power consumption of radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers without sacrificing power efficiency. In some aspects, an RF transmitter may include a signal generator, a power amplifier, and a duty cycle controller. The signal generator is configured to produce one or more RF signals based on a modulation scheme, and the power amplifier is configured to amplify the one or more RF signals for transmission over a wireless communication channel. In some implementations, the duty cycle controller may adjust a duty cycle of each RF signal based on data to be transmitted according to the modulation scheme. By changing the duty cycle of the RF signal, the duty cycle controller may toggle the output power of the power amplifier and thus modulate the amplitude of the output waveform to carry the data.

Abstract: A carbonation machine may include a carbonation head, a holder that is configured to hold a gas canister, the holder comprising a connector with a socket configured to enable linear insertion of a valve of the canister into the socket, the socket including a seal with at least one lateral opening to enable fluidic flow between one or more laterally oriented ports of the valve and a conduit of the holder while preventing leakage of gas from the fluidic flow, and a holding mechanism configured to hold a lateral projection from the canister after insertion of the valve into the socket such that the valve remains in the socket, and an activation mechanism configured to operate the valve to release the gas from the canister when inserted into the socket so as to enable the gas to flow via the conduit to the carbonation head.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods, devices, and systems for wireless communications. The present implementations more specifically relate to reducing the power consumption of radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers without sacrificing power efficiency. In some aspects, an RF transmitter may include a modulator, a power amplifier, and a duty cycle controller coupled between the modulator and the power amplifier. The modulator is configured to modulate data onto a carrier signal according to a frequency modulation (FM) scheme. The duty cycle controller is configured to adjust a duty cycle of the FM signal based on a target output power associated with the power amplifier. In some implementations, the duty cycle controller may reduce the duty cycle of the FM signal so that the adjusted duty cycle causes the power amplifier to operate at the target output power. The power amplifier amplifies the adjusted FM signal for transmission over a wireless communication channel.

Abstract: A carbonation machine includes a rotatable carbonation head including at least one pressure release valve, a carbonation tube connectable via piping to a gas canister and a flange for engaging a neck of a bottle filled with liquid to be carbonated by screwing the neck into or onto the flange to firmly hold the bottle with the carbonation tube maintained inside the bottle, and for disengaging the neck of the bottle from the flange by unscrewing the neck off the flange. The rotatable carbonation head is configured, when screwing the neck into or onto the flange, to be rotated from a release position to a lock position, and is configured, when unscrewing the neck off the flange, to be rotated from the lock position to the release position. In the release position said at least one pressure release valve is operated to open so as to release excess pressure if such excess pressure exists in the bottle, and in the lock position said at least one pressure valve remains closed.

Abstract: A carbonation machine may include a carbonation head, a holder that is configured to hold a gas canister, the holder comprising a connector with a socket configured to enable linear insertion of a valve of the canister into the socket, the socket including a seal with at least one lateral opening to enable fluidic flow between one or more laterally oriented ports of the valve and a conduit of the holder while preventing leakage of gas from the fluidic flow, and a holding mechanism configured to hold a lateral projection from the canister after insertion of the valve into the socket such that the valve remains in the socket, and an activation mechanism configured to operate the valve to release the gas from the canister when inserted into the socket so as to enable the gas to flow via the conduit to the carbonation head

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for correcting a reflective lithography mask, wherein the mask comprises a substrate and a reflective multilayer stack, the method comprising: applying a first electromagnetic radiation to the mask to evoke a first material change within the mask which modifies a reflectivity of the mask. The present disclosure further relates to an apparatus for correcting a reflective lithography mask and a reflective lithography mask.

Abstract: A carbonation machine includes a carbonation head to sealingly couple to a bottle filled with liquid to be carbonated; a piping to introduce and compress carbon dioxide into a space within the bottle above a top surface of the liquid to a predetermined pressure level when the bottle is coupled to the carbonation head; a stirrer to stir the liquid to enhance absorption of carbon dioxide in the liquid when the bottle is coupled to the carbonation head; and a manually operated valve mechanism configured to be moved to any position between a closed position to an open position for user-controlled release of pressure within the space.

Abstract: A carbonation machine may include a carbonation head, a holder that is configured to hold a gas canister, the holder comprising a connector with a socket configured to enable linear insertion of a valve of the canister into the socket, the socket including a seal with at least one lateral opening to enable fluidic flow between one or more laterally oriented ports of the valve and a conduit of the holder while preventing leakage of gas from the fluidic flow, and a holding mechanism configured to hold a lateral projection from the canister after insertion of the valve into the socket such that the valve remains in the socket, and an activation mechanism configured to operate the valve to release the gas from the canister when inserted into the socket so as to enable the gas to flow via the conduit to the carbonation head.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for correcting placement errors in a photolithographic mask comprising a substrate and structures formed on the substrate, the method involving at least one local density change, preferably a plurality of local density changes, each of which defines a pixel, being introduced into the substrate by use of a laser beam in order to correct placement errors of the structures, wherein in an examination step, an incidence surface of the mask, via which the laser beam radiates into the substrate, is examined for contaminations and, in regions in which a contamination of the incidence surface has been ascertained in the examination step, no laser irradiation or a laser irradiation with at least one changed laser beam parameter takes place, the laser beam parameter(s) being changed such that no damage to the incidence surface or near-surface regions occurs in the case of an interaction between laser beam and contamination.

Abstract: A carbonation machine may include a carbonation head, a holder that is configured to hold a gas canister, the holder comprising a connector with a socket configured to enable linear insertion of a valve of the canister into the socket, the socket including a seal with at least one lateral opening to enable fluidic flow between one or more laterally oriented ports of the valve and a conduit of the holder while preventing leakage of gas from the fluidic flow, and a holding mechanism configured to hold a lateral projection from the canister after insertion of the valve into the socket such that the valve remains in the socket, and an activation mechanism configured to operate the valve to release the gas from the canister when inserted into the socket so as to enable the gas to flow via the conduit to the carbonation head.

Abstract: A carbonation machine with integrated water treatment. The carbonation machine may include a carbonation system for carbonating water in a bottle attached to a carbonation head of the system, a detachable water reservoir, configured to be mounted on a base with an outlet port to allow outward flow of water from the reservoir, piping connecting the outlet port of the water reservoir to transfer water from the detachable reservoir and to pour the water into the bottle, a pump for pumping water out of the water reservoir and transfer the pumped water via the piping, a controller configured to control the pump, and one or more water treatment components fluidically connected to the piping to apply water treatment to water flowing through the piping.