Abstract: A spectrometer system is described. The system comprises a signal input port and a pump input port, respective signal and pump dispersion fibers, a nonlinear optical fiber section, and an output dispersion fiber. The dispersion fibers are configured to apply predetermined spectral dispersion on light input associated with signal and pump inputs. The nonlinear optical fiber section is configured to receive dispersed signal and pump waves and enable nonlinear interaction between the signal and pump waves. The output dispersion fiber is configured to receive light resulting from said nonlinear interaction and apply predetermined dispersion to the received light, thereby providing output light having mapping between time and spectral components of the input signal. Wherein at least one of the signal input port and pump input port comprises temporal speckle generating unit configured to affect optical pulses passing through to induce temporal speckles within said optical pulses.

Abstract: A multi-image sensor system includes data, clock, and control buses, an application processor connected to the data bus and the clock bus, and image sensors connected in a daisy chain using the control bus. A first one of the image sensors configured as a master outputs image data to the data bus, outputs a first clock signal to the clock bus, and sends a control signal to a second one of the image sensors in the daisy chain through the control bus. The control signal has a first logic state when output of the first image data starts and a second other logic state when output of the first image data ends. The second image sensor connects itself to the data bus and the master disconnects itself from the data bus according to a state of the first control signal.

Abstract: A system and method for applying a first level of protection to data in a memory module include identifying a weak wordline from at least one of a plurality of blocks of the memory module. Each of the plurality of blocks includes a plurality of wordlines. The system and method also include determining that the weak wordline is to receive the first level of protection and applying the first level of protection to the weak wordline.

Abstract: A system and method for applying a first level of protection to data in a memory module include identifying a weak wordline from at least one of a plurality of blocks of the memory module. Each of the plurality of blocks includes a plurality of wordlines. The system and method also include determining that the weak wordline is to receive the first level of protection and applying the first level of protection to the weak wordline.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a chip comprising a circuit, the circuit comprising a plurality of components, wherein the circuit is adapted to perform a function that is dependent on timing behavior of the circuit, and wherein a geometry of a layout of the circuit is substantially the same as another geometry of another layout of another circuit adapted to perform another function that is dependent on different timing behavior.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a chip comprising a circuit, the circuit comprising a plurality of components, wherein the circuit is adapted to perform a function that is dependent on timing behavior of the circuit, and wherein a geometry of a layout of the circuit is substantially the same as another geometry of another layout of another circuit adapted to perform another function that is dependent on different timing behavior.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a chip comprising a circuit, the circuit comprising a plurality of components, wherein the circuit is adapted to perform a function that is dependent on timing behavior of the circuit, and wherein a geometry of a layout of the circuit is substantially the same as another geometry of another layout of another circuit adapted to perform another function that is dependent on different timing behavior.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a system and method is described for dynamic encryption of CPU registers. A data item, encrypted according to a first key is stored in one register in a CPU register file. A second data item is encrypted according to a second key, and is written to another of the registers. A flag, associated with each of the registers, is stored, indicating whether the data item is encrypted according to the first or second key. One of the data items is decrypted by retrieving its associated flag, thereby determining according to which key the data item is encrypted. Thereupon, the data item is decrypted according to the determined key. The keys are updated by a controller once each of the flags are set. The controller changes the second key to be the first key, stores a new second key, and clears each of the flags. Related apparatus, systems and methods are also described.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a chip comprising a circuit, the circuit comprising a plurality of components, wherein the circuit is adapted to perform a function that is dependent on timing behavior of the circuit, and wherein a geometry of a layout of the circuit is substantially the same as another geometry of another layout of another circuit adapted to perform another function that is dependent on different timing behavior.

Abstract: A method executed by a circuit for counting electrons in storage cells in an array of at least two storage cells is provided. The method includes providing a storage array of at least two storage cells, and each of said at least two storage cells containing an unknown amount of electrons. A receiving array of at least two receiving cells is provided, where said at least two receiving cells initially contain no electrons. Then, extracting a layer of said electrons from said storage array of cells and inserting said layer into corresponding locations in said receiving array. The method then repeats said steps of extracting and inserting while at least one of said at least two storage cells is not empty. The method counts, for each said storage cell in said storage array, a productive-extraction amount.

Abstract: A synchronizer constituted of a first and second set of three serially coupled latches coupled to a common clocking signal, the first and the ultimate latch of the first set responsive to a first edge of a common clocking signal and the penultimate latch responsive to an opposing edge of the common clocking signal, the second set being respectively responsive to the respective complementary edges of the clocking signal; an input lead arranged to receive a signal to be synchronized, the input lead coupled to the input of the first latch of the first set and to the input of the first latch of the second set; and a filter arranged to pass the output of each of the first set and the second set responsive to the penultimate latch of the set exhibiting a consistent output for two consecutive opposing edges.

Abstract: A method executed by a circuit for counting electrons in storage cells in an array of at least two storage cells is provided. The method includes providing a storage array of at least two storage cells, and each of said at least two storage cells containing an unknown amount of electrons. A receiving array of at least two receiving cells is provided, where said at least two receiving cells initially contain no electrons. Then, extracting a layer of said electrons from said storage array of cells and inserting said layer into corresponding locations in said receiving array. The method then repeats said steps of extracting and inserting while at least one of said at least two storage cells is not empty. The method counts, for each said storage cell in said storage array, a productive-extraction amount.

Abstract: Methods and systems for counting items in storage containers in an array of at least two storage containers, the method including the steps of: providing a storage array of at least two storage containers, each of the storage containers containing an unknown amount of items; providing a receiving array of at least two receiving containers, wherein the receiving containers initially contain no items; extracting a layer of the items from the storage array; inserting the layer into corresponding locations in the receiving array; repeating the steps of extracting and inserting while at least one of the storage containers is not empty; counting, for each storage container in the storage array, a productive-extraction amount; and reporting, for at least some of the storage containers, the productive-extraction amount from each storage container. Preferably, the method further includes recovering a storage identity upon recovery from a system failure that erases the productive-extraction amount.

Abstract: A synchronizer constituted of a first and second set of three serially coupled latches coupled to a common clocking signal, the first and the ultimate latch of the first set responsive to a first edge of a common clocking signal and the penultimate latch responsive to an opposing edge of the common clocking signal, the second set being respectively responsive to the respective complementary edges of the clocking signal; an input lead arranged to receive a signal to be synchronized, the input lead coupled to the input of the first latch of the first set and to the input of the first latch of the second set; and a filter arranged to pass the output of each of the first set and the second set responsive to the penultimate latch of the set exhibiting a consistent output for two consecutive opposing edges.

Abstract: Methods and systems for counting items in storage containers in an array of at least two storage containers, the method including the steps of: providing a storage array of at least two storage containers, each of the storage containers containing an unknown amount of items; providing a receiving array of at least two receiving containers, wherein the receiving containers initially contain no items; extracting a layer of the items from the storage array; inserting the layer into corresponding locations in the receiving array; repeating the steps of extracting and inserting while at least one of the storage containers is not empty; counting, for each storage container in the storage array, a productive-extraction amount; and reporting, for at least some of the storage containers, the productive-extraction amount from each storage container. Preferably, the method further includes recovering a storage identity upon recovery from a system failure that erases the productive-extraction amount.