Abstract: A system facilitates communication between branches of an SD-WAN and a service chain element. A hub node receives a data packet of a flow from a source branch over a VPN segment to be transmitted to a destination branch, extracts flow information from the data packet including VPN segment information to be stored in a flow table before transmitting the data packet to the service chain element over a service chain VPN. Upon return of the data packet from the service chain element, the hub node uses packet tuple information to retrieve the flow information with VPN segment information from the flow table. The hub node can then forward the data packet to the destination branch over the VPN segment. The hub node can generate and store an Auto Service Chaining Key that connects bidirectional flows so that the hub node can apply service-chaining to bidirectional traffic.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems, apparatuses, methods, computer readable medium, and circuits for ordering services in a service chain comprising: receiving, at an edge router, one or more data packets; determining, at the edge router, a sequence order of service chain elements for the one or more data packets based upon an established sequence, the sequence order modifies the established sequence to performing an altering service that alters a payload of the one or more packets prior to one or more remaining services that inspect the one or more packets; transmitting and receiving, by the edge router in the sequence order, the one or more data packets to and from the service chain elements; transmitting, by the edge router, the one more data packets to a destination after a last of the service chain elements has been performed.

Abstract: A system facilitates communication between branches of an SD-WAN and a service chain element. A hub node receives a data packet of a flow from a source branch over a VPN segment to be transmitted to a destination branch, extracts flow information from the data packet including VPN segment information to be stored in a flow table before transmitting the data packet to the service chain element over a service chain VPN. Upon return of the data packet from the service chain element, the hub node uses packet tuple information to retrieve the flow information with VPN segment information from the flow table. The hub node can then forward the data packet to the destination branch over the VPN segment. The hub node can generate and store an Auto Service Chaining Key that connects bidirectional flows so that the hub node can apply service-chaining to bidirectional traffic.

Abstract: An opto-emulator transmitter includes: a current controller; an oscillator circuit; and receiver replica circuitry. The current controller has a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal. The oscillator circuit has a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal. The first terminal of the oscillator circuit is coupled to the second terminal of the current controller. The receiver replica circuitry has a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal. The first terminal of the receiver replica circuitry is coupled to the second terminal of the oscillator circuit. The second terminal of the receiver replica circuitry is coupled to the third terminal of the oscillator circuit. The third terminal of the receiver replica circuitry is coupled to the third terminal of the current controller.

Abstract: An efficient method to handle fragmented packets in multi-node all-active clusters. In one particular embodiment, a method includes receiving an initial fragment packet at a node in a cluster, creating a secondary flow table, linking the secondary flow table to a primary flow table, determining the primary flow owner of the initial fragment packet, and transmitting initial and succeeding fragment packets out of the cluster through, if possible, the primary flow owner.

Abstract: Generally, Software-Defined Wide Area Networks (SD-WAN) generally do not support network segmentation. The concepts disclosed herein connects IPSec SD-WAN fabric to a Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF) router and make use of a Software Defined Cloud Interconnect (SDCI) Router to route traffic from IPSec SD-WAN to various cloud services from the SDCI Router in the fabric. The concepts disclosed herein also provides for tunnel multi-plexing that takes incoming and outgoing traffic and maps VPNs to any service VRF associated with the cloud based services.

Abstract: Techniques are described for detecting a change in Path Maximum Transfer Unit (PMTU) in a network and initiating a PMTU discovery process. A Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) data packet is generated having enhanced headers configured to record a largest packet sent value and a largest packet received value. The BFD data packet is sent from a first network device (such as a first router) to a second network device (such as a second router). A largest packet sent value and a largest packet received value are each recorded in the BFD data packet. If the largest data packet sent value is larger than the largest data packet received value, then a determination can be made that a path change has resulted in a reduction in PMTU which has resulted in either a data packet being fragmented, a data packet being dropped or both. A PMTU discovery can then be performed.

Abstract: An efficient method to handle fragmented packets in multi-node all-active clusters. In one particular embodiment, a method includes receiving an initial fragment packet at a node in a cluster, creating a secondary flow table, linking the secondary flow table to a primary flow table, determining the primary flow owner of the initial fragment packet, and transmitting initial and succeeding fragment packets out of the cluster through, if possible, the primary flow owner.

Abstract: One or more computing devices, systems, and/or methods for elevation tracking of devices are provided. Barometric pressure data points and elevation data points associated with a set of barometric measurement devices proximate a device are obtained. An interpolated field of barometric pressure is generated using the barometric pressure data points and the elevation data points. x, y location coordinates of the device are projected onto the interpolated field as a projected point within the interpolated field. Barometric leveling is executed upon a device barometric pressure value provided by the device and a barometric pressure data point at the projected point to determine a relative height difference between the device and the projected point. An elevation of the device is determined based upon the relative height difference.

Abstract: Techniques are described for avoiding data packet fragmentation in a routing device such as a router or network switch. Path Maximum Transport Unit (PMTU) values are monitored for a plurality of egress links of a networking device. A statistical analysis of fragmentation rates is performed. The statistical analysis can be performed on a per-link basis, per-flow basis or both per-link and per-flow basis. If the packet fragmentation rate of data flows through a particular egress link exceeds a determined threshold value, one or more data flows can be re-routed to a different egress link having a higher PMTU, thereby preventing data packet fragmentation.

Abstract: One or more aspects of the present disclosure are directed to providing a single hierarchical construct for defining requirements (connectivity parameters) of a service in a service chain. In one aspect, a single construct for identifying a service in a service chain includes a first object identifying at least one path for accessing an instance of the service within a communication network, a second object identifying a respective communication protocol for the at least one path; and a third object identifying at least a transmission specification for the respective communication protocol in the second object, wherein the second object and the third object are embedded within the first object.

Abstract: Techniques are described for suppressing data plane traffic using a service monitoring policy for data plane control. If a service provided to a router becomes nonfunctional, preventing the router from being able to forward traffic to a next-hop device, data plane traffic from client devices on the data plane that requires the use of the nonfunctioning service is suppressed. Additionally, new communication pathways to the router that will use the nonfunctioning service are prevented from being established. Traffic is redirected to another router with a functioning service. Thus, traffic that may normally be directed to the router with the nonfunctioning service and not able to be forwarded (e.g., blackholing of data) can be forwarded to the other router.

Abstract: An example apparatus includes: a current mirror having first and second outputs; oscillator circuitry including: a first transistor having a first terminal coupled to the first output of the current mirror, having a second terminal, and having a control terminal; and a second transistor having a first terminal coupled to the first output of the current mirror, having a second terminal coupled to the control terminal and the second terminal of the first transistor, and having a control terminal coupled to the second terminals of the first and second transistors; and current shunt circuitry having a terminal coupled to the second output of the current mirror.

Abstract: A circuit incudes: a first transistor; a capacitor; a second transistor; and a second resistor. The first transistor has a current terminal and a first control terminal. The capacitor has a capacitor terminal coupled to the current terminal of the first transistor. The second transistor has a first current terminal, a second current terminal, and a second control terminal. The first current terminal of the second transistor is coupled to the capacitor terminal. The second current terminal of the second transistor is coupled to the first control terminal. The resistor has a resistor terminal coupled to the second control terminal.

Abstract: A method, a device, and a non-transitory storage medium each provide an object recognition service that identifies an object within an image or a video. An object is identified according to a general classification based on a domain-based inference model, and is subsequently further identified according to a sub-classification of the general classification based on another domain-based inference model. The domain-based inference models are hierarchical. The object recognition of the object may be used in support of end user services.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving traffic and identifying one or more attributes associated with the traffic. The method also includes dynamically selecting a load balancing algorithm based on the one or more attributes in accordance with a load balancing scheme. The method further includes performing load balancing on the traffic in accordance with the load balancing algorithm and communicating the traffic from a first network element to a second network element in accordance with the load balancing.

Abstract: One or more computing devices, systems, and/or methods for calibrating barometric sensors and/or determining altitudes of devices are provided. In an example, one or more barometric pressure measures are determined using a barometric sensor of a device. One or more locations of the device are determined based upon one or more global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals and one or more corrective signals associated with the one or more GNSS signals. One or more reference values are determined based upon the one or more locations. A barometric offset is determined based upon the one or more barometric pressure measures and the one or more reference values. A first barometric measurement is performed using the barometric sensor to determine a first barometric pressure measure. An adjusted barometric pressure measure and/or an altitude of the device are determined based upon the first barometric pressure measure and the barometric offset.

Abstract: An efficient method to handle fragmented packets in multi-node all-active clusters. In one particular embodiment, a method includes receiving an initial fragment packet at a node in a cluster, creating a secondary flow table, linking the secondary flow table to a primary flow table, determining the primary flow owner of the initial fragment packet, and transmitting initial and succeeding fragment packets out of the cluster through, if possible, the primary flow owner.

Abstract: One or more computing devices, systems, and/or methods for elevation tracking of devices are provided. Barometric pressure data points and elevation data points associated with a set of barometric measurement devices proximate a device are obtained. An interpolated field of barometric pressure is generated using the barometric pressure data points and the elevation data points. x, y location coordinates of the device are projected onto the interpolated field as a projected point within the interpolated field. Barometric leveling is executed upon a device barometric pressure value provided by the device and a barometric pressure data point at the projected point to determine a relative height difference between the device and the projected point. An elevation of the device is determined based upon the relative height difference.

Abstract: One or more computing devices, systems, and/or methods for calibrating barometric sensors and/or determining altitudes of devices are provided. In an example, one or more barometric pressure measures are determined using a barometric sensor of a device. One or more locations of the device are determined based upon one or more global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals and one or more corrective signals associated with the one or more GNSS signals. One or more reference values are determined based upon the one or more locations. A barometric offset is determined based upon the one or more barometric pressure measures and the one or more reference values. A first barometric measurement is performed using the barometric sensor to determine a first barometric pressure measure. An adjusted barometric pressure measure and/or an altitude of the device are determined based upon the first barometric pressure measure and the barometric offset.