Abstract: An atmospheric turbulence data optical LIDAR system for computation of wind velocity includes a laser (16) to transmit one or more beams to a target, an optical head (10) including a transmitting optics (12) and a collecting lens (14) for receiving one or more corresponding beam returns from the target. A detection system (18) includes a multi-element detector array at near a focal plane of the collecting lens. For each element of the multi-element detector array there is a specific optical path in the atmosphere leading from the laser to the target and back from the target to the element. A processor measures (20) signal fluctuations of an element of the multi-element detector array and computes therefrom crosswind velocity of wind in the atmosphere. The processor calculates turbulence strength changes.

Abstract: An atmospheric turbulence data optical LIDAR system for computation of wind velocity includes a laser (16) to transmit one or more beams to a target, an optical head (10) including a transmitting optics (12) and a collecting lens (14) for receiving one or more corresponding beam returns from the target. A detection system (18) includes a multi-element detector array at near a focal plane of the collecting lens. For each element of the multi-element detector array there is a specific optical path in the atmosphere leading from the laser to the target and back from the target to the element. A processor measures (20) signal fluctuations of an element of the multi-element detector array and computes therefrom crosswind velocity of wind in the atmosphere. The processor calculates turbulence strength changes.

Abstract: Optical apparatus including a pump-guiding fiber (30) including a fiber cladding (31), a fiber core (32) and an attachment section (33), the attachment section (33) including a straight core section (34) and a tapered core section (35), the pump-guiding fiber (30) being optically attached at one end thereof to a pump source (29) and an opposite end of the pump-guiding fiber (30) being attached to an inner clad (42) of a receiving fiber (40) through an attachment section (50), the attachment section (50) including both the straight core section (34) and the tapered core section (35) of the pump-guiding fiber (30), characterized in that both the straight core section (34) and the tapered core section (35) of the pump-guiding fiber (30) are attached to the receiving fiber (40) with an intermediate sol-gel material (51).