Abstract: Bulk catalysts comprised of nickel, molybdenum, tungsten and titanium and methods for synthesizing bulk catalysts are provided. The catalysts are useful for hydroprocessing, particularly hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation, of hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: Bulk catalysts comprised of nickel, molybdenum, tungsten and titanium and methods for synthesizing bulk catalysts are provided. The catalysts are useful for hydroprocessing, particularly hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation, of hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: Bulk catalysts comprised of nickel, molybdenum, tungsten and titanium and methods for synthesizing bulk catalysts are provided. The catalysts are useful for hydroprocessing, particularly hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation, of hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: A layered catalyst reactor system and process for hydrotreatment of hydrocarbon feedstocks. The layered catalyst system reactors comprise vertical bed layers including a demetallization catalyst layer, multiple layers of supported hydrotreating catalyst layer, and multiple alternating layers of supported hydrocracking catalysts and self-supported hydrotreating catalysts. The arrangement of the catalyst layers mitigates the risk of temperature run-aways, with improvements in hydrotreatment performance.

Abstract: A layered catalyst reactor system and process for hydrotreatment of hydrocarbon feedstocks. The layered catalyst system reactors comprise vertical bed layers including a demetallization catalyst layer, multiple layers of supported hydrotreating catalyst layer, and multiple alternating layers of supported hydrocracking catalysts and self-supported hydrotreating catalysts. The arrangement of the catalyst layers mitigates the risk of temperature run-aways, with improvements in hydrotreatment performance.

Abstract: Bulk catalysts comprised of nickel, molybdenum, tungsten and titanium and methods for synthesizing bulk catalysts are provided. The catalysts are useful for hydroprocessing, particularly hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation, of hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: A process for heavy base oil production, comprising: a. performing an aromatic extraction of a first hydrocarbon feed to produce an aromatic extract, and a waxy raffinate; b. mixing the aromatic extract with a second hydrocarbon feed to make a mixed feed having greater than 2,000 wt ppm sulfur; c. feeding the mixed feed to a hydroprocessing unit to produce a heavy API Group II base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 70° C. from 22.6 to 100 mm2/s. An integrated refinery process unit for making heavy base oils, comprising: a. an aromatic extraction unit fluidly connected to a solvent dewaxing unit and a hydroprocessing unit; b. a first line from the aromatic extraction unit, that feeds an aromatic extract to a second hydrocarbon feed to make a mixed feed having greater than 2,000 wt ppm sulfur; and c. a connection that feeds the mixed feed to the hydroprocessing unit.

Abstract: A process for heavy base oil production, comprising: a. performing an aromatic extraction of a first hydrocarbon feed to produce an aromatic extract, and a waxy raffinate; b. mixing the aromatic extract with a second hydrocarbon feed to make a mixed feed having greater than 2,000 wt ppm sulfur; c. feeding the mixed feed to a hydroprocessing unit to produce a heavy API Group II base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 70° C. from 22.6 to 100 mm2/s. An integrated refinery process unit for making heavy base oils, comprising: a. an aromatic extraction unit fluidly connected to a solvent dewaxing unit and a hydroprocessing unit; b. a first line from the aromatic extraction unit, that feeds an aromatic extract to a second hydrocarbon feed to make a mixed feed having greater than 2,000 wt ppm sulfur; and c. a connection that feeds the mixed feed to the hydroprocessing unit.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing a slurry catalyst for the upgrade of heavy oil feedstock is provided. In the process, high shear mixing is employed to generate an emulsion containing droplets of metal precursor in oil with droplet sizes ranging from 0.1 to 300 ?m. The emulsion is subsequently sulfided with a sulfiding agent, or in-situ in a heavy oil feedstock to form a slurry catalyst. The in-situ sulfidation in heavy oil is under sufficient condition for the heavy oil feedstock to generate the sulfiding source needed for the sulfidation.

Abstract: A single metal slurry catalyst for the upgrade of heavy oil feedstock is provided. The slurry catalyst is prepared by sulfiding a Primary metal precursor, then mixing the sulfided metal precursor with a hydrocarbon diluent to form the slurry catalyst. The single-metal slurry catalyst has the formula (Mt)a(Sv)d(Cw)e(Hx)f(Oy)g(Nz)h, wherein M is at least one of a non-noble Group VIII metal, a Group VIB metal, a Group IVB metal, and a Group IIB metal; 0.5a<=d<=4a; 0<=e<=11a; 0<=f<=18a; 0<=g<=2a; 0<=h<=3a; t, v, w, x, y, z, each representing total charge for each of: M, S, C, H, O, and N; and ta+vd+we+xf+yg+zh=0. The slurry catalyst has a particle size ranging from 1 to 300 ?m.

Abstract: Systems and methods for hydroprocessing a heavy oil feedstock are disclosed. The system employs a plurality of contacting zones and at least one separation zone, wherein a solvating hydrocarbon having a normal boiling point less than 538° C. (1000° F.) is employed. In the system, a mixture of heavy oil feedstock and solvating hydrocarbon is provided to a contact zone along with a slurry catalyst feed in a hydrocarbon diluent. The contacting zone operates at a temperature and pressure near the critical temperature and pressure of the heavy oil and solvating hydrocarbon mixture to convert at least a portion of the heavy oil feedstock to lower boiling hydrocarbons, forming upgraded products.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel method for preparing materials whose properties can be manipulated after fabrication. In this process, a base material is created in a manner that provides spaces or voids which can then be filled with a modifying composition. The method is particularly useful in the manufacture of light adjustable optical elements such as intraocular lenses.

Abstract: A process for hydroprocessing heavy oil feedstock is disclosed. The process operates in once-through mode, employing a plurality of contacting zones and at least a separation zone to convert at least a portion of the heavy oil feedstock to lower boiling hydrocarbons, forming upgraded products. The contacting zones operate under hydrocracking conditions, employing a slurry catalyst for upgrading the heavy oil feedstock. At least an additive material selected from inhibitor additives, anti-foam agents, stabilizers, metal scavengers, metal contaminant removers, metal passivators, and sacrificial materials, in an amount of less than 1 wt. % of the heavy oil feedstock, is added to at least one of the contacting zones. In one embodiment, the additive material is an anti-foam agent. In another embodiment, the additive material is a sacrificial material for trapping heavy metals in the heavy oil feed and/or deposited coke, thus prolonging the life of the slurry catalyst.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing a slurry catalyst for the upgrade of heavy oil feedstock is provided. In the process, high shear mixing is employed to generate an emulsion containing droplets of metal precursor in oil with droplet sizes ranging from 0.1 to 300 ?m. The emulsion is subsequently sulfided with a sulfiding agent, or in-situ in a heavy oil feedstock to form a slurry catalyst. The in-situ sulfidation in heavy oil is under sufficient condition for the heavy oil feedstock to generate the sulfiding source needed for the sulfidation.

Abstract: A single metal slurry catalyst for the upgrade of heavy oil feedstock is provided. The slurry catalyst is prepared by sulfiding a Primary metal precursor, then mixing the sulfided metal precursor with a hydrocarbon diluent to form the slurry catalyst. The single-metal slurry catalyst has the formula (Mt)a(Sv)d(Cw)e(Hx)f(Oy)g(Nz)h, wherein M is at least one of a non-noble Group VIII metal, a Group VIB metal, a Group IVB metal, and a Group IIB metal; 0.5a<=d<=4a; 0<=e<=11a; 0<=f<=18a; 0<=g<=2a; 0<=h<=3a; t, v, w, x, y, z, each representing total charge for each of: M, S, C, H, O, and N; and ta+vd+we+xf+yg+zh=0. The slurry catalyst has a particle size ranging from 1 to 300 ?m.

Abstract: A hydroprocessing bulk catalyst is provided. A process to prepare hydroprocessing bulk catalysts is also provided. The hydroprocessing catalyst has the formula (Mt)a(Lu)b(Sv)d(Cw)e(Hx)f(Oy)g(Nz)h,, wherein M is at least one group VIB metal; promoter metal L is optional and if present, L is at least one Group VIII non-noble metal; t, u, v, w, x, y, z representing the total charge for each of the components (M, L, S, C, H, O and N, respectively); ta+ub+vd+we+xf+yg+zh=0; 0=<b; and 0=<b/a=<5, (a+0.5b)<=d<=(5a+2b), 0<=e<=11(a+b), 0<=f<=7(a+b), 0<=g<=5(a+b), 0<=h<=0.5(a+b). The catalyst has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern with at least one broad diffraction peak at any of Bragg angles: 8 to 18°, 32 to 40°, and 55 to 65° (from 0 to 70° 2-? scale).

Abstract: Systems and methods for hydroprocessing a heavy oil feedstock are disclosed. The system employs a plurality of contacting zones and at least one separation zone, wherein a solvating hydrocarbon having a normal boiling point less than 538° C. (1000° F.) is employed. In the system, a mixture of heavy oil feedstock and solvating hydrocarbon is provided to a contact zone along with a slurry catalyst feed in a hydrocarbon diluent. The contacting zone operates at a temperature and pressure near the critical temperature and pressure of the heavy oil and solvating hydrocarbon mixture to convert at least a portion of the heavy oil feedstock to lower boiling hydrocarbons, forming upgraded products.

Abstract: A process for hydroprocessing heavy oil feedstock is disclosed. The process operates in once-through mode, employing a plurality of contacting zones and at least a separation zone to convert at least a portion of the heavy oil feedstock to lower boiling hydrocarbons, forming upgraded products. The contacting zones operate under hydrocracking conditions, employing a slurry catalyst for upgrading the heavy oil feedstock. At least an additive material selected from inhibitor additives, anti-foam agents, stabilizers, metal scavengers, metal contaminant removers, metal passivators, and sacrificial materials, in an amount of less than 1 wt. % of the heavy oil feedstock, is added to at least one of the contacting zones. In one embodiment, the additive material is an anti-foam agent. In another embodiment, the additive material is a sacrificial material for trapping heavy metals in the heavy oil feed and/or deposited coke, thus prolonging the life of the slurry catalyst.

Abstract: A hydroprocessing bulk catalyst is provided. A process to prepare hydroprocessing bulk catalysts is also provided. The hydroprocessing catalyst has the formula (Mt)a(Lu)b(Sv)d(Cw)e(Hx)f(Oy)g(Nz)h,, wherein M is at least one group VIII metal; promoter metal L is optional and if present, L is at least one Group VIII non-noble metal; t, u, v, w, x, y, z representing the total charge for each of the components (M, L, S, C, H, O and N, respectively); ta+ub+vd+we+xf+yg+zh=0; 0=<b; and 0=<b/a=<5, (a+0.5b)<=d<=(5a+2b), 0<=e<=11(a+b), 0<=f<=7(a+b), 0<=g<=5(a+b), 0<=h<=0.5(a+b). The catalyst has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern with at least one broad diffraction peak at any of Bragg angles: 8 to 18°, 32 to 40°, and 55 to 65° (from 0 to 70° 2-? scale).

Abstract: A process for slurry hydroprocessing, which involves preconditioning a slurry catalyst for activity improvement in vacuum residuum hydroprocessing units Preconditioning the slurry catalyst raises its temperature, thereby reducing shock on the catalyst slurry as it enters the hydroprocessing reactor.