Abstract: The present invention relates to a radiometer comprising an IR detector, a lens and a light source. The lens is arranged with respect to the IR detector such that it focuses IR radiation from a measuring surface to the detector. The light source emits visible light for marking the measuring surface. The beam path of the visible light extends through the lens. Moreover, the invention relates to a sighting device for a radiometer for visibly marking a measuring surface the temperature of which is measured by the radiometer. The sighting device comprises a light source for emitting a visible light beam, which marks the measuring surface. A piezoactuator controls the direction of the light beam. As an alternative to the piezoactuator, the light beam may be guided at a constant angular velocity, and a stepwise change of the direction of the light beam may be accomplished by a sectorized mirror. The invention finally relates to corresponding methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to perforation device for the manufacture of a perforated nonwoven material, whereby a prebonded nonwoven with embossing points is guided to a nonwoven perforation device, needles of a needle roller engage into the prebonded nonwoven and perforate it, and the perforated nonwoven material then undergoes further processing. A ratio is set between the number of needles to the number of embossed points of between 0.15 and 0.25 and a ratio of hole size to embossed point size of between 0.15 and 0.25.

Abstract: The present invention relates to perforation device for the manufacture of a perforated nonwoven material, whereby a prebonded nonwoven with embossing points is guided to a nonwoven perforation device, needles of a needle roller engage into the prebonded nonwoven and perforate it, and the perforated nonwoven material then undergoes further processing. A ratio is set between the number of needles to the number of embossed points of between 0.15 and 0.25 and a ratio of hole size to embossed point size of between 0.15 and 0.25.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the manufacture of a perforated nonwoven material, whereby a prebonded nonwoven with embossing points is guided to a nonwoven perforation device, needles of a needle roller engage into the prebonded nonwoven and perforate it, and the perforated nonwoven material then undergoes further processing. A ratio is set between the number of needles to the number of embossed points of between 0.15 and 0.25 and a ratio of hole size to embossed point size of between 0.15 and 0.25.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the manufacture of a perforated nonwoven material, whereby a prebonded nonwoven with embossing points is guided to a nonwoven perforation device, needles of a needle roller engage into the prebonded nonwoven and perforate it, and the perforated nonwoven material then undergoes further processing. A ratio is set between the number of needles to the number of embossed points of between 0.15 and 0.25 and a ratio of hole size to embossed point size of between 0.15 and 0.25.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a radiometer comprising an IR detector, a lens and a light source. The lens is arranged with respect to the IR detector such that it focuses IR radiation from a measuring surface to the detector. The light source emits visible light for marking the measuring surface. The beam path of the visible light extends through the lens. Moreover, the invention relates to a sighting device for a radiometer for visibly marking a measuring surface the temperature of which is measured by the radiometer. The sighting device comprises a light source for emitting a visible light beam, which marks the measuring surface. A piezoactuator controls the direction of the light beam. As an alternative to the piezoactuator, the light beam may be guided at a constant angular velocity, and a stepwise change of the direction of the light beam may be accomplished by a sectorized mirror. The invention finally relates to corresponding methods.

Abstract: An electrostatically driven diaphragm micropump comprises a first pump body s a counterelectrode and a second pump body having a diaphragm region. The two pump bodies establish a hollow space bordering on the diaphragm region and are electrically insulated from each other. The hollow space is filled with a medium different from the fluid to be pumped. The pump bodies may consist of a semiconductor material of different types of charge. The medium in the hollow space preferably has a high dielectric constant.

Abstract: A process for the production of electroluminescent silicon structures, including: placing a silicon wafer in an acid bath; anodizing the silicon wafer in the acid bath using the apparatus of FIG. 2; illuminating the anode side of the silicon wafer during at least part of the time the silicon wafer is being placed in the acid bath and is being anodized; causing at least some areas of the monocrystalline silicon of the silicon wafer to be converted into a microporous silicon layer; and forming two contacts by means of which a voltage can be applied to the microporous silicon layer.

Abstract: A microminiaturized pump consists of two superposed, interconnected pump bodies of semiconductor material, which each include electrically conductive regions insulated from one another. At least one of the two pump bodies has a thin, flexible diaphragm having integrated therein at least one check valve, which has an inlet aperture and a cover plate over it, the thin, flexible diaphragm including at least part of the electrically conductive region of one pump body, whereas, in relation to the surface dimensions of the thin, flexible diaphragm, the electrically conductive region of the other pump body is arranged at a short distance from the thin, flexible diaphragm.

Abstract: An electrostatic pump includes two electrodes, which are spaced apart essentially in the pump flow direction and which are adapted to have applied thereto a potential for injecting an ion current flowing between the two electrodes. For further microminiaturization of the pump, the pump includes two semiconductor components, which are arranged one on top of the other in the pump flow direction and which are so structured that the electrodes form an integral constituent part of the semiconductor components.

Abstract: An arrangement for the recognition of misfirings of internal combustion engines with externally supplied ignition in which for the recognition of misfirings, the cylinders are combined into two groups and an ignition system of its own is coordinated to each group; a thermo-element is thereby arranged in the exhaust tract of a cylinder of each group. A pair of thermo-elements is series-connected in opposite polarity and the resulting thermo-voltage at the free ends is monitored by means of two threshold circuits. From the amount and sign of the resulting thermo-voltage, a defective ignition system can be determined and the corresponding cylinder group can be turned off.

Abstract: An arrangement, for adapting the serial interface of a data processing system to the data speed of a communication partner, has a recognition circuit for recognizing the transmission speed wherein signals from the communication partner having the unknown transmission speed are inputted to a frequency counter of the recognition circuit and the resulting count provided to a microprocessor which calculates an adjustment division signal N from the counting results. The adjustment divison signal N is inputted to a frequency divider of a phase lock loop (PLL) circuit of an adjustment circuit to provide a divided clock frequency signal which is compared with a divided reference frequency signal by the PPL circuit so that the frequency of a voltage control oscillator of the PLL circuit is adjusted until the divided clock frequency signal and divided reference frequency signal are equal.

Abstract: A multi-cylinder internal combustion engine with two exhaust gas turbochargers of which one is adapted to be switched-in during the operation of the internal combustion engine by way of a switch-in valve controllable on the turbine side and by way of a check valve on the compressor side. Furthermore, a controllable blow-off valve (waste gate) is installed into a by-pass line which by-passes both turbines. The blow-off valve and the switch-in valve are controllable by a control apparatus as a function of condition magnitude of the internal combustion engine. The activation of the blow-off valve and of the switch-in valve is subjected to an anticipatory control dependent on condition magnitudes on which at least one charging-pressure-dependent regulation is superimposed. The regulation has advantageously a PID-like structure whereby the regulating parameters are condition-dependent. The regulation and control are additionally subjected to static as well as dynamic limitations.