Abstract: Systems and methods for producing a linear-phase digital FIR filter from two sub-filters for an audio signal. In one method, the sub-filters are provided as sub-sets having numbers of coefficients, a lower cutoff frequency of the particular sub-filter being greater than the sampling frequency of the audio signal divided by the number. The sub-sets are linearly convoluted with one another so as to form a total set having a number of coefficients greater than the numbers, and the total set is symmetrically reduced to a number less than the number, so as to form a reduced total set of the filter. A linear-phase digital FIR filter for an audio signal is created by the method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a linear-phase digital FIR filter (4) from two sub-filters (6a, b) for an audio signal (AU, AF), in which method the sub-filters (6a, b) are provided as sub-sets (Ta, b) having numbers (Ma, b) of coefficients, a lower cutoff frequency (Ga, b) of the particular sub-filter (6a, b) being greater than the sampling frequency of the audio signal (AU, AF) divided by the number (Ma, b), the sub-sets (Ta, b) are linearly convoluted with one another so as to form a total set (SU) having a number (L) of coefficients greater than the numbers (Ma, b), and the total set (SU) is symmetrically reduced to a number (Z) less than the number (L), so as to form a reduced total set (SK) of the filter (4). A linear-phase digital FIR filter (4) for an audio signal (AU, AF) is created by the method. A signal processor (2) for an audio signal (AU, AF) contains the filter (4).

Abstract: A method for measuring interactions between labeled particles and ligands comprising the steps: a) providing a sample comprising labeled particles and ligands in a solution, wherein the labeled particles are dissolved or dispersed in the solution or are immobilized on a solid support; b) exciting fluorescently the labeled particles and detecting the fluorescence of the excited particles at a predetermined temperature; c) repeating steps (a) and (b) multiple times at different concentrations of the ligands in the solution; and d) determining the interaction between the labeled particles and the ligands based on the ligand concentration dependent change of the fluorescence of the labeled particles, wherein the labeled particles are labeled with one or more dyes.

Abstract: In addition to providing fine adjustment for precise two-coordinate positioning of a specimen, a microscope stage has a handle for rapid displacement of the stage when the fine adjustment is disconnected. This handle is secured to the underside of the cross-slide (6) of the stage, and in a laterally central position of the stage; the handle also extends through a cut-out in the stage carrier, thereby defining the range of movement of the stage. The arrangement of the handle is ergonomically favorable and reduces the danger of contamination of the specimen. In addition, a rotatable sleeve on the handle enables fine and precise adjustment of the angular orientation of a chucked specimen, with respect to the microscope.