Abstract: The present invention provides a hollow fiber membrane module that can effectively resolve the accumulation of suspended solids within the membrane module, lower running costs, and also operate stably. The present invention relates to a hollow fiber membrane molecule provided with: a cylindrical case having a first end and a second end in the direction of height; a plurality of hollow fiber membranes accommodated within the cylindrical case; and a first potting part accommodated within the cylindrical case and attaching the plurality of hollow fiber membranes together such that the end parts of the plurality of hollow membrane fibers at a first end side of the cylindrical case are open. The hollow fiber membranes are porous hollow fiber membranes having a breaking strength of 23 MPa, and the hollow membrane module has a membrane area per unit volume of 800-3700 m2/m3. The filling fraction for the hollow fiber membranes in a cross-section orthogonal to the direction of height of the cylindrical case is 25-38%.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hollow fiber membrane module that can effectively resolve the accumulation of suspended solids within the membrane module, lower running costs, and also operate stably. The present invention relates to a hollow fiber membrane molecule provided with: a cylindrical case having a first end and a second end in the direction of height; a plurality of hollow fiber membranes accommodated within the cylindrical case; and a first potting part accommodated within the cylindrical case and attaching the plurality of hollow fiber membranes together such that the end parts of the plurality of hollow membrane fibers at a first end side of the cylindrical case are open. The hollow fiber membranes are porous hollow fiber membranes having a breaking strength of 23 MPa, and the hollow membrane module has a membrane area per unit volume of 800-3700 m2/m3. The filling fraction for the hollow fiber membranes in a cross-section orthogonal to the direction of height of the cylindrical case is 25-38%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for filtering a microbial culture solution using a membrane module, said method comprising four stages including (a) cross-flow filtration of the microbial culture solution, (b) rinsing with water, (c) washing with a chemical solution and (d) rinsing with water, wherein: the filtrate passing through the membrane module in the cross-flow filtration has a total sugar concentration of 1,000-100,000 mg/1 inclusive and a protein concentration of 50-1,000 mg/l inclusive; the aforesaid stage (c) comprises step (c-1) for washing with a chemical solution containing a hypochlorite and a nonionic surfactant; and the aforesaid stages (a) to (d) are repeated in this order.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hollow fiber membrane module that can effectively resolve the accumulation of suspended solids within the membrane module, lower running costs, and also operate stably. The present invention relates to a hollow fiber membrane molecule provided with: a cylindrical case having a first end and a second end in the direction of height; a plurality of hollow fiber membranes accommodated within the cylindrical case; and a first potting part accommodated within the cylindrical case and attaching the plurality of hollow fiber membranes together such that the end parts of the plurality of hollow membrane fibers at a first end side of the cylindrical case are open. The hollow fiber membranes are porous hollow fiber membranes having a breaking strength of 23 MPa, and the hollow membrane module has a membrane area per unit volume of 800-3700 m2/m3. The filling fraction for the hollow fiber membranes in a cross-section orthogonal to the direction of height of the cylindrical case is 25-38%.

Abstract: The present invention provides a submerged type membrane separation device and a membrane separation method which allow long-term stable filtration. In the submerged type membrane separation device including a membrane module having membrane units stacked on top of each other in stages, in each of which flat sheet membrane element each having a separation membrane are arranged, the membrane module is constructed of various membrane units differing in sludge-filtration resistance or pure-water permeation resistance, whereby it becomes possible to extend a device operation period of time lapsing before transmembrane plugging occurs, or equivalently, the necessity to clean membranes arises. Further, it also becomes possible to design to synchronize timings with which a plurality of membrane units require cleaning.

Abstract: In order to efficiently transport a filtration target liquid to a separation membrane module and to facilitate additional simplification of equipment in a filtration device including the separation membrane modules in which a plurality of lines thereof are disposed in series, a filtration device according to the present invention is a filtration device including a plurality of separation membrane modules each of which separates a liquid to be filtrated into a permeated liquid and a non-permeated liquid, in which the filtration device includes: a series non-permeated liquid flow channel that forms a series unit by connecting non-permeation sides of the plurality of separation membrane modules in series; and a parallel permeated liquid flow channel that forms a parallel unit by connecting permeation sides of the plurality of separation membrane modules in parallel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for operating a separation membrane module including a separation membrane having a first face and a second face, a liquid-to-be-filtrated flow channel along which liquid to be filtrated which is to be fed to the first face flows, and a permeated-liquid flow channel along which permeated liquid obtained from the second face flows, the method including: a filtration step of obtaining permeated liquid containing components that become insoluble when coming into contact with acids by feeding liquid to be filtrated to the liquid-to-be-filtrated flow channel; a first water substitution step of substituting liquid in the permeated-liquid flow channel with water, after the filtration step; a first chemical cleaning step of performing backwashing by causing an acidic chemical solution to flow from the second face toward the first face of the separation membrane, after the first water substitution step; and a second water substitution step of substituting liquid in the permeat

Abstract: The present invention provides a submerged type membrane separation device and a membrane separation method that can deal with a temporary increase of a treatment flow rate by taking advantage of the filterability of the constituent separation membranes of the device. In submerged type separation device including a membrane module having stacked therein membrane units in which flat sheet membrane elements having a separation membrane are arranged, a membrane unit having the highest filtration resistance or the highest pure-water permeation resistance is placed at the lowermost stage of the membrane module, thereby setting a high temporary filtration flux for the membrane module as a whole. This makes it possible to deal with a short-term flow rate increase.

Abstract: In order to efficiently transport a filtration target liquid to a separation membrane module and to facilitate additional simplification of equipment in a filtration device including the separation membrane modules in which a plurality of lines thereof are disposed in series, a filtration device according to the present invention is a filtration device including a plurality of separation membrane modules each of which separates a liquid to be filtrated into a permeated liquid and a non-permeated liquid, in which the filtration device includes: a series non-permeated liquid flow channel that forms a series unit by connecting non-permeation sides of the plurality of separation membrane modules in series; and a parallel permeated liquid flow channel that forms a parallel unit by connecting permeation sides of the plurality of separation membrane modules in parallel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a submerged type membrane separation device and a membrane separation method which allow long-term stable filtration. In the submerged type membrane separation device including a membrane module having membrane units stacked on top of each other in stages, in each of which flat sheet membrane elements each having a separation membrane are arranged, the membrane module is constructed of various membrane units differing in sludge-filtration resistance or pure-water permeation resistance, whereby it becomes possible to extend a device operation period of time lapsing before transmembrane plugging occurs, or equivalently, the necessity to clean membranes arises. Further, it also becomes possible to design to synchronize timings with which a plurality of membrane units require cleaning.

Abstract: Provided is a composition in which the dispersibility of a specific modified peptide is less likely to decrease at a pH of less than 7.0. The cosmetic composition contains a modified peptide having one or more side chain groups including one or more units selected from the group consisting of a structure represented by formula (Ia): —S—S—(CH2)n—COOH, wherein n is 1 or 2, a structure represented by formula (Ib): —S—S—CH(CH3)—COOH, a structure represented by formula (Ic): —S—S—CH(COOH)—CH2—COOH, and salts of these structures; and a long-chain alkyltrimethylammonium salt or an N-long-chain alkylpyridinium salt, wherein the ratio of the total content of the long-chain alkyltrimethylammonium salt and the N-long-chain alkylpyridinium salt to the content of the modified peptide is 0.5 or more, and the cosmetic composition has a pH of less than 7.0.