Abstract: A toner contains toner particles that contains a polyester resin, an aromatic petroleum resin, and a release agent, wherein cross sections of the toner particles observed with a scanning electron microscope have domains of the release agent that satisfy the following requirements (i) and (ii): (i) the average number of the domains present per toner particle is 2 to 8; and (ii) each of the domains has a long diameter of at least 400 nm and an aspect ratio of at most 0.7 as calculated by Formula 1: Aspect ratio=(short diameter of domain)/(long diameter of domain)??Formula 1.

Abstract: A toner includes: a crystalline polyester resin; and a partially hydrogenated petroleum resin. A hydrogenation rate of the partially hydrogenated petroleum resin is from 30% through 70%. An amount of the partially hydrogenated petroleum resin relative to the toner is from 1% by mass through 15% by mass.

Abstract: A toner contains a polyester resin and a styrene resin, wherein the peak ratio (R1/W1) is between 1.00 and 2.00, where R1 represents the maximum peak height in a range of 710 cm?1 to 690 cm?1 of a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectrum of the toner measured by Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) method, and W1 represents the maximum peak height in a range of 789 cm?1 to 852 cm?1 of the FT-IR spectrum of the toner measured by ATR method, and the peak ratio (R2/W2) is between 0.80 and 1.20, where R2 represents the maximum peak height in a range of 710 cm?1 to 690 cm?1 of an FT-IR spectrum of the toner measured by KBr tablet method, and W2 represents the maximum peak height in a range of 789 cm?1 to 852 cm?1 of the FT-IR spectrum of the toner measured by KBr tablet method.

Abstract: A toner is provided that comprises an amorphous polyester resin, a wax, and an external additive, in which the external additive comprises a partially-metal-hydroxide-coated silica that is a silica partially coated with a metal hydroxide, and the partially-metal-hydroxide-coated silica has a hydrophobicity degree of 55 (MeOH %) or more.

Abstract: A two-component developing agent contains a toner that contains a pulverized toner, the pulverized toner containing at least one type of polyester resin, a styrene-based resin or an aromatic petroleum resin, and Fisher-Tropsch wax, and a carrier that contains a silicone resin covering layer containing conductive fine powder.

Abstract: A toner contains an amorphous polyester resin with an SP value of from 11.0 to 11.5 (cal/cm3)1/2, a styrene resin with an SP value of from 9.5 to 10.5 (cal/cm3)1/2, and a hydrocarbon wax, wherein the molecular weight distribution of the toner soluble in tetrahydrofuran has the main peak between 3,500 to 5,500 as measured by gel permeation chromatography.

Abstract: A toner includes: a crystalline polyester resin; and a partially hydrogenated petroleum resin. A hydrogenation rate of the partially hydrogenated petroleum resin is from 30% through 70%. An amount of the partially hydrogenated petroleum resin relative to the toner is from 1% by mass through 15% by mass.

Abstract: A toner including a non-crystalline polyester resin, a crystalline polyester resin, a hydrocarbon wax, and an aromatic petroleum resin is provided. A mass ratio of the aromatic petroleum resin to the hydrocarbon wax is 1.0 or more. The non-crystalline polyester resin contains diol components, and the diol components include an alkylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A and ethylene glycol.

Abstract: A toner includes a release agent. The release agent includes a hydrocarbon compound having 2 or more and 16 or less carbon atoms. A content of the hydrocarbon compound having 2 or more and 16 or less carbon atoms, in the release agent, is 1000 ppm or more in terms of toluene, as determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The hydrocarbon compound having 2 or more and 16 or less carbon atoms includes a hydrocarbon compound having a retention time of 7 minutes or more and less than 8 minutes determined by the gas chromatography mass spectrometry.

Abstract: A lens component has a element-side lens portion 65 which is provided so as to face a light emitting and receiving element 52 mounted on a circuit substrate 24, a positioning portion 75 that protrudes such that the element-side lens portion 65 is separated from the circuit substrate 24 by a predetermined distance, and an adhesion portion 76 that forms an adhesive-agent filling space S, which is filled with an adhesive agent 77, between the circuit substrate 24 and the adhesion portion 26, in a state where the positioning portion 75 contacts with the circuit substrate 24 and the element-side lens portion 65 is fixed so as to face the light emitting and receiving element 52.

Abstract: A lens component has a element-side lens portion 65 which is provided so as to face a light emitting and receiving element 52 mounted on a circuit substrate 24, a positioning portion 75 that protrudes such that the element-side lens portion 65 is separated from the circuit substrate 24 by a predetermined distance, and an adhesion portion 76 that forms an adhesive-agent filling space S, which is filled with an adhesive agent 77, between the circuit substrate 24 and the adhesion portion 26, in a state where the positioning portion 75 contacts with the circuit substrate 24 and the element-side lens portion 65 is fixed so as to face the light emitting and receiving element 52.