Abstract: Ferroelectric liquid-crystal display having a broad operating temperature range. A ferroelectric liquid-crystal display containing a ferroelectric liquid-crystal mixture which is addressed with voltage pulses≧0.9 ms. The display according to the invention is particularly suitable for applications in which the length of the response time is not critical. Such displays can be operated with the same voltage over a broad temperature range; adjustment of the voltage as a function of temperature is not necessary. Examples of preferred applications are displays in chip cards, electronic price and display signs (shelf labels), PDAs (personal digital assistants) and pagers.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture having a negative value of &Dgr;e and allowing a high speed response and a low voltage driving, as well as a liquid crystal display devise using the crystal mixture of the invention. The ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture according to the invention comprises two or more compounds from at least two different of the following classes of compounds: A. thiadiazoles, B. phenanthrenes, C. 2-fluoropyridines, D. difluorobenzenes, E. meta-substituted aromatic compounds.

Abstract: Difluorophenylpyrimidylpyridine derivatives of the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein X is N and Y is CH or X is CH and Y is N;R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different and area) an unbranched or branched alkyl chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, whereaa) one or more non-adjacent and non-terminal CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by --O--, --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --O--CO--O-- or --Si(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --, and/orab) one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, and/orac) the terminal CH.sub.3 group may be replaced by one of the following chiral groups (optically active or racemic): ##STR2## R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are identical or different and are hydrogen or a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1-16 carbon atoms (with or without an asymmetrical carbon atom), where, in addition, one or more non-adjacent non-terminal CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by --O--, and/or where one or more H atoms of the alkyl radical may be substituted by --F; R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 may alternatively together be --(CH.sub.2).sub.

Abstract: An improved method for achieving a defect-free and uniform liquid crystal alignment in a process for the production of a ferroelectric liquid crystal display device. A process for producing a ferroelectric liquid crystal display device containing a ferroelectric liquid crystal showing at least an N* phase and an SmC* phase and an organic polymer film or an oblique vapor-deposition film of an inorganic substance serving as an alignment layer is provided by aligning the liquid crystal by cooling the liquid crystal once to a temperature region of a phase which resides in the lower temperature region than the N* phase, and then heating it to a temperature region of an N* phase, or by aligning the liquid crystal by applying an electric field in the N* phase.

Abstract: Ferroelectric liquid crystal mixtures containing compounds of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is, for example, a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, in which one --CH.sub.2 -- group may be replaced by --O-- or --CO--O--.

Abstract: Disclosed and claimed is a liquid crystal mixture, a liquid crystal device and a display device using the liquid crystal mixture. The liquid crystal display device according to the present invention has improved contrast due to the specific temperature of the liquid crystal mixture. More specifically, the liquid crystal mixture has a temperature range generating a chiral smectic C phase and a temperature range generating a smectic A phase, and having a difference between the cone angle at (T.sub.C/A -10).degree. C. and the cone angle at (T.sub.C/A -40).degree. C. in the temperature range generating the chiral smectic C phase of from zero (0) degree to ten (10) degrees.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture which does not lower the conventional transition temperature to the ferroelectric phase (60.degree. C. or above), which maintains the Sa phase within a suitable temperature range, and which is useful for reducing the cone angle is disclosed. The ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture contains at least one of the compounds represented by the following general formulae 1 to 3, and exhibits a Sa/Sc phase transition temperature of 60.degree. C. or more and a cone angle of 47 degree or less atsome temperature between 15.degree. C. and 35.degree. C.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture which does not lower the conventional transition temperature to the ferroelectric phase (60.degree. C. or above), which maintains the Sa phase within a suitable temperature range, and which is useful for reducing the cone angle is disclosed. The ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture contains at least one of the compounds represented by the following general formula 1 to 3, and exhibits a Sa/Sc phase transition temperature of 60.degree. C. or more and a cone angle of 47 degree or less atsome temperature between 15.degree. C. and 35.degree. C.