Abstract: A coating film evaluation structure includes a laminate including a first sheet, a second sheet, and a third sheet which are laminated. The second sheet is disposed on the first sheet, and the third sheet is disposed on the second sheet. In the laminate, the area of each sheet gradually reduces in the lamination direction, and a stepped portion is provided at an end portion. The coating film to be evaluated and the plurality of sheets have different colors. The coating film evaluation structure includes a coating film layer formed on the sheet having the largest area among the plurality of sheets so as to cover the other sheets and having a flat surface.

Abstract: A coating material is allowed to contain a sulfate having a higher degree of solubility in water than that of calcium sulfate. The sulfate is an additive for coating materials which is used for reducing the consumption of zinc (including zinc oxide) in a coating film formed from the coating material and the corrosion of a base material when the coating film is scratched. The content of the sulfate can be 0.004 to 0.65 mol per 100 g of the content of zinc. Alternatively, the content of the sulfate may be 0.006 to 0.186 mol per 100 g of a heating residue (except for the sulfate added) of a coating film.

Abstract: In a first step, a sample liquid is fabricated by mixing a sample formed of a polyester or decomposition products of a polyester into a solvent. The solvent used here contains chloroform and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol and has an organic base added thereto. The organic base is at least one of a primary amine, a secondary amine, a tertiary amine and a heterocyclic amine. Next, in a second step, each of the amount of the terephthalic acid terminal and the amount of the hydroxy group terminal in the sample liquid is measured through a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy aiming at hydrogen atoms. Subsequently, in a third step, the number average molecular weight of the sample is calculated from the amount of the terephthalic acid terminal and the amount of the hydroxy group terminal measured in the second step.

Abstract: A storage unit stores a reference image. A camera captures a film thickness measuring portion of a coating film to be measured. A determination circuit determines whether or not an image captured by the camera and the reference image match. A film thickness meter measures a film thickness of the coating film at the film thickness measuring portion in a case where the determination circuit determines that the image and the reference image match. The film thickness meter measures a film thickness of the coating film by, for example, optical coherence tomography.

Abstract: In a first step, a sample liquid is fabricated by mixing a sample formed of a polyester or decomposition products of a polyester into a solvent. The solvent used here contains chloroform and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol and has an organic base added thereto. The organic base is at least one of a primary amine, a secondary amine, a tertiary amine and a heterocyclic amine.

Abstract: In a first step, a sample formed of a polyester or decomposition products of a polyester is dissolved in a pretreatment liquid containing 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol and an organic base to produce a reaction product of the sample, and in a second step, the obtained reaction product is mixed into a solvent (measurement solvent) containing deuterated chloroform and deuterated 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol to fabricate a sample liquid. Next, in a third step, the amount of the reaction product in the sample liquid is measured through NMR aiming at hydrogen atoms to determine the amount of an acid anhydride structure in the sample.

Abstract: A paint contains a zinc powder, a binding agent made of an organic resin, and an inorganic material that is water-soluble and exhibits alkalinity when being dissolved in water. The inorganic material can be, for example, one that provides a saturated aqueous solution having a pH of 12 or less. For example, the basic substance may be barium carbonate, barium hydrogen phosphate, beryllium carbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium phosphate, lithium carbonate, lithium phosphate, magnesium carbonate, basic magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, or magnesium phosphate.

Abstract: A paint comprises a zinc powder, a binder made of an organic resin, calcium sulfate, and a dispersant, wherein a content of the calcium sulfate is 0.046 to 0.186 mol per 100 g of a heating residue of a coating film (from which sulfate added is excluded), a weight ratio of zinc to a dried coating film from which the calcium sulfate is excluded is 70 wt %, a weight ratio of the dispersant to the calcium sulfate is 0.05 to 0.5 wt %, and the dispersant is constituted by at least one of a block copolymer having a basic group with pigment affinity, an oil-soluble non-ionic active agent, and a polyether-modified silicone.

Abstract: In a pretreatment method, in first step, a sample is dissolved in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol to prepare a first solution. In second step, an organic base is added to the first solution to prepare a second solution. In third step, the second solution is heated to obtain a substance in which an anhydrous oxide structure in the sample has been decomposed. In a fourth step, an organic solvent that has a higher boiling point than that of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol and is compatible (miscible) with 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol is added to the second solution to prepare a third solution.

Abstract: In a pretreatment method, in a first step, a sample is dissolved in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol to prepare a first solution. In a second step, an organic base that has a lower boiling point than that of HFIP is added to the first solution to prepare a second solution. In a third step, the second solution is heated to obtain a substance in which an anhydrous oxide structure in the sample has been decomposed. In a fourth step, chloroform is added to the second solution to prepare a third solution.

Abstract: A zinc spraying material comprises a zinc material containing zinc; and a sulfate salt whose solubility in water is 1/8 or more of the solubility of calcium sulfate. The content of the sulfate salt in the zinc spraying material can be 0.006 to 0.14 mol based on 100 g of the content of the zinc material. Note that the sulfate salt can be at least one of potassium sulfate, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate, lithium sulfate, calcium sulfate, and aluminum sulfate. Also, the zinc material is zinc. Alternatively, the zinc material can also be a zinc alloy containing zinc as the main component and at least one metal selected from aluminum and magnesium.

Abstract: A first chromatogram is obtained by analyzing a second standard sample by size exclusion chromatography analysis using a first detector. Also, a second chromatogram is obtained by analyzing a solvent for the second standard sample by size exclusion chromatography analysis using the first detector. Then, from the difference between the first chromatogram and the second chromatogram, a third elution time in size exclusion chromatography analysis of the second standard sample using the first detector is determined.

Abstract: A painting fiber probe having a measurement surface on which a coating film is formed with the same painting specification as that of a sample (painted steel sheet) is placed in a test tank together with the sample. A cycle consisting of three steps of saline water spraying, drying and wetting is repeated on the sample and the painting fiber probe. In the drying step of the cycle, absorbance at a specific wavelength of the coating film formed on the painting fiber probe is measured at a regular interval and drying is ended when the measured absorbance satisfies a predetermined condition.

Abstract: In a first step, a sample formed of a polyester or decomposition products of a polyester is dissolved in a pretreatment liquid containing a secondary amine to obtain a reaction product (amide) of the sample. In a second step, the obtained reaction product, amide, is mixed into a solvent containing deuterated chloroform and deuterated 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol to fabricate a sample liquid. In a third step, the amount of the amide in the sample liquid is measured through a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy aiming at hydrogen atoms to determine the amount of acid anhydride in the sample.

Abstract: In a first step, a sample formed of a polyester or decomposition products of a polyester is dissolved in a pretreatment liquid containing 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol and an organic base to produce a reaction product of the sample, and in a second step, the obtained reaction product is mixed into a solvent (measurement solvent) containing deuterated chloroform and deuterated 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol to fabricate a sample liquid. Next, in a third step, the amount of the reaction product in the sample liquid is measured through NMR aiming at hydrogen atoms to determine the amount of an acid anhydride structure in the sample.

Abstract: A test time for measuring hydrogen diffusion in a steel material is improved. The reproducibility of a position where hydrogen exists in the steel material is improved. A control terminal controls a solution supply/discharge control device, a gas supply control device, a first potentiostat/galvanostat, and a second potentiostat/galvanostat on the basis of a predefined procedure, so that a plurality of processing steps, which are performed for analyzing hydrogen diffused from the inside to the surface of a steel material to be measured, are performed continuously. Further, the processing of inactivating the surface of the steel material to be measured is performed before the main processing using a metal ion replacement method, or an inert gas is injected into the solution during the main processing.

Abstract: The galvanized member includes a member formed of a metal and a hot-dip galvanized layer formed on the surface of the member. The hot-dip galvanized layer contains a sulfate salt having a higher water solubility than calcium sulfate. A sulfate salt content of the hot-dip galvanized layer is preferably 0.008 to 0.133 mol based on 100 g of zinc. The sulfate salt contained in the hot-dip galvanized layer is preferably at least one of potassium sulfate, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate, lithium sulfate, calcium sulfate, and aluminum sulfate.

Abstract: In a first step, a sample liquid is fabricated by mixing a sample formed of a polyester or decomposition products of a polyester into a solvent. The solvent used here contains chloroform and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol and has an organic base added thereto. The organic base is at least one of a primary amine, a secondary amine, a tertiary amine and a heterocyclic amine.

Abstract: In a first step, a sample liquid is fabricated by mixing a sample formed of a polyester or decomposition products of a polyester into a solvent. The solvent used here contains chloroform and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol and has an organic base added thereto. The organic base is at least one of a primary amine, a secondary amine, a tertiary amine and a heterocyclic amine. Next, in a second step, each of the amount of the terephthalic acid terminal and the amount of the hydroxy group terminal in the sample liquid is measured through a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy aiming at hydrogen atoms. Subsequently, in a third step, the number average molecular weight of the sample is calculated from the amount of the terephthalic acid terminal and the amount of the hydroxy group terminal measured in the second step.

Abstract: A coating material is allowed to contain a sulfate having a higher degree of solubility in water than that of calcium sulfate. The sulfate is an additive for coating materials which is used for reducing the consumption of zinc (including zinc oxide) in a coating film formed from the coating material and the corrosion of a base material when the coating film is scratched. The content of the sulfate can be 0.004 to 0.65 mol per 100 g of the content of zinc. Alternatively, the content of the sulfate may be 0.006 to 0.186 mol per 100 g of a heating residue (except for the sulfate added) of a coating film.