Abstract: A direct expansion/direct exchange (“DX”) geothermal heating/cooling system having a plurality of pin restrictors positioned in housing units at ground accessible locations. The pin restrictors are preferably located near the compressor unit and on the field side of the distributor. Refrigerant is substantially equally distributed by a distributor to substantially equally sized line sets in the DX system with multiple wells. The distributors are place in either horizontal or vertical inclinations with the pin restrictors situated on the field side of the distributor in each individual liquid refrigerant transport line. A cut-off ball valve is located within the liquid refrigerant transport line on each side of the respective pin restrictor housing units. A filter/dryer is place within the same liquid refrigerant transport line segment as the pin restrictor(s) with a refrigerant flow shut-off valve being situated on each side of the liquid line segment containing the filter/dryer and the distributor.

Abstract: A heat pump dehumidification system comprised of one of an air source heat pump system, a water source heat pump system, and a direct expansion heat pump system, with an extra interior air heat exchange means situated between the system's compressor's hot refrigerant gas discharge side and the exterior heat exchange means, for activation and use in conjunction with the system's primary interior air heat exchange means, located between the exterior heat exchange means and the system's compressor's refrigerant gas suction side, when operation in a dehumidification mode is desired absent sensible cooling, and optimum design sizes for both interior air exchange means while the system is operating in one of a dehumidification mode, a cooling mode, and a heating mode.

Abstract: A sub-surface tubing arrangement for use in a direct exchange (DX) geothermal heating/cooling system includes a primary sub-surface liquid refrigerant transport line, a primary sub-surface vapor refrigerant transport line, at least one sub-surface heat exchange refrigerant transport line functionally connecting the primary sub-surface liquid refrigerant transport line to the primary sub-surface vapor refrigerant transport line, and either vertical or horizontal supplemental sub-surface refrigerant line connected to one of the primary sub-surface liquid or vapor refrigerant transport lines.

Abstract: An encasement assembly for installing sub-surface refrigerant tubing in a direct exchange heating/cooling system includes a weighted and protective encasement tube for lowering the bottom distal U-bend portion of the refrigerant tubing into a well/borehole. The encasement tube has a main body portion and a rounded or cone-shaped nose. The U-bend portion of the distal end of the refrigerant transport lines is encased within a cementitious grout inside the tube. The grout inside the encasement tube has a flat top portion to prevent upward flotation and at least one eyebolt for securing a trimmie tube with an expendable wire during installation. An optional nose ring is attached to the lower distal end of the tube for marker float attachment in water.

Abstract: A non-stick coating, which inhibits frozen moisture accumulation, is applied to exterior exposed portions of heating and cooling systems where ice or other frozen moisture can accumulate and impair system design operational efficiencies; where heat exchange tubing and fins are downwardly sloped or angled; where an optional capillary tube/plate means/design, which plate has an exterior surface that is comprised of at least one of raised dots, ridges, trenches, and a flat surface is utilized; with an optional protective shell encasement which can be shaped to provide a vena contracta effect; with an optional electric fan to enhance airflow for heat exchange; with an optional electric vibrator to enhance inhibition of frozen moisture accumulation; with a downwardly sloped base to direct falling frozen moisture away from the heat exchange equipment; for use in conjunction with an air source heat pump system, an evaporative cooling system or a chiller, or as a supplement to a water-source heat pump system or to a

Abstract: A non-stick coating, which inhibits frozen moisture accumulation, is applied to the exterior exposed portions of a refrigerant/air heat exchanger, which heat exchanger is comprised of a capillary tube/plate means/design, which plate has an exterior surface that is comprised of at least one of raised dots, ridges, trenches, and a flat surface, which means/design facilitates the shedding of frozen moisture and maximizes heat exchanger surface area exposure to the air; for use in conjunction with an air source heat pump system, an evaporative cooling system or a chiller, or as a supplement to a water-source heat pump system or to a direct expansion heat pump system; and for use with any other refrigerant-based heating system or cooling system.