Abstract: Systems and methods for Energy Storage-based Packetized Delivery of Electricity (ES-PDE) are disclosed that are radically different from the operation of today's grid. Using ES-PDE, the loads are powered by the energy storage systems (ESS) the majority of the time and only receive packets of electricity periodically to charge the ESSs. Therefore, the grid operators can schedule the delivery of electricity packets to utilize the existing grid infrastructure. Since the customers are powered by the co-located ESSs they are not impacted by the grid operation in short term. Therefore, when grid outages occur, the customers still have power for some time, giving the grid more time to be fully restored.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the X-ray irradiation of materials is provided. This apparatus includes an irradiation chamber, a number of flat electromagnetic (X-ray) sources having a number of addressable cathode emitters, a support mechanism, a heat transfer system, a shielding system, and a process controller. A shielded portal within the shielding system allows access to an interior volume of the irradiation chamber. The electromagnetic sources are positioned on or embedded within interior surfaces of the irradiation chamber. These electromagnetic sources generate an electromagnetic flux, such as an X-ray flux, where this flux is used to irradiate the interior volume of the irradiation chamber and any materials placed therein. The operation of the electromagnetic sources and the number of addressable cathode emitters being controlled by the process controller. The materials placed within the interior of the chamber may be supported by a low attenuation support mechanism.

Abstract: A method for in situ cleaning of electron emitters (126, 226, 326, 526) in a field emission device (100, 200, 300, 400, 500) includes the steps of controllably providing hydrogen gas (142, 242, 342, 542) within the field emission device (100, 200, 300, 400, 500) at a time during the operational life of the field emission device (100, 200, 300, 400, 500) and, thereafter, emitting electrons from the electron emitters (126, 226, 326, 526), thereby forming hydrogen free radicals, which decontaminate and condition the emissive surfaces of the electron emitters (126, 226, 326, 526).

Abstract: A field emission display (200) includes a cathode plate (202); a substrate (102) opposing the cathode plate (202); a conductive matrix (104) disposed on the substrate (102) and having via walls (103) defining a plurality of phosphor vias (105); a phosphor (106, 108, 110) disposed within each of the phosphor vias (105); and a gas-adsorption material distributed within the conductive matrix (104). A method for fabricating the field emission display (200) includes the steps of silk-screening onto the substrate (102) a screenable suspension, which is made from a glass, a metal, a gas-adsorption material, and a photo-sensitive material, to form a film; photo-patterning the film to form a phosphor via (105); depositing a phosphor material into the phosphor via (105) to form an anode plate (100); and affixing the cathode plate (202) to the anode plate (100).

Abstract: A field emission device (100, 200) includes a cathode plate (110, 210), an anode plate (112, 212) spaced from the cathode plate (110, 210) to define an interspace region (114, 214) therebetween, a hole (144, 244) defined by the device package and in communication with the interspace region (114, 214), and a hydrogen-selective membrane (140, 240) disposed in registration with the hole (144, 244).