Abstract: A method of forming a pattern includes forming an etch target layer on a substrate, forming sacrificial patterns on the etch target layer, the sacrificial patterns including a carbon-containing material, providing a silicon-sulfur compound or a sulfur-containing gas onto the sacrificial patterns to form a seed layer, providing a silicon precursor onto the seed layer to form silicon-containing mask patterns, and at least partially etching the etch target layer using the mask patterns.

Abstract: A method for forming patterns of a semiconductor device includes sequentially forming a hard mask layer, a sacrificial layer, and an anti-reflection layer on a substrate, the substrate including a cell region and a peripheral circuit region, patterning the sacrificial layer to form a first sacrificial pattern on the cell region and a second sacrificial pattern on the peripheral circuit region, forming spacers covering sidewalls of the first and second sacrificial patterns, and removing the first sacrificial pattern. The anti-reflection layer includes a lower anti-reflection layer and an upper anti-reflection layer which are formed of materials different from each other. In the patterning of the sacrificial layer, the anti-reflection layer is patterned to form a first anti-reflection pattern on the first sacrificial pattern and a second anti-reflection pattern on the second sacrificial pattern. The second anti-reflection pattern remains when the first sacrificial pattern is removed.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a semiconductor memory device, a plurality of first conductive structures including a first conductive pattern and a hard mask are sequentially stacked on a substrate. A plurality of preliminary spacer structures including first spacers, sacrificial spacers and second spacers are sequentially stacked on sidewalls of the conductive structures. A plurality of pad structures are formed on the substrate between the preliminary spacer structures, and define openings exposing an upper portion of the sacrificial spacers. A first mask pattern is formed to cover surfaces of the pad structures, and expose the upper portion of the sacrificial spacers. The sacrificial spacers are removed to form first spacer structures having respective air spacers, and the first spacer structures include the first spacers, the air spacers and the second spacers sequentially stacked on the sidewalls of the conductive structures.

Abstract: A method of forming a pattern includes forming an etch target layer on a substrate, forming sacrificial patterns on the etch target layer, the sacrificial patterns including a carbon-containing material, providing a silicon-sulfur compound or a sulfur-containing gas onto the sacrificial patterns to form a seed layer, providing a silicon precursor onto the seed layer to form silicon-containing mask patterns, and at least partially etching the etch target layer using the mask patterns.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a semiconductor memory device, a plurality of first conductive structures including a first conductive pattern and a hard mask are sequentially stacked on a substrate. A plurality of preliminary spacer structures including first spacers, sacrificial spacers and second spacers are sequentially stacked on sidewalls of the conductive structures. A plurality of pad structures are formed on the substrate between the preliminary spacer structures, and define openings exposing an upper portion of the sacrificial spacers. A first mask pattern is formed to cover surfaces of the pad structures, and expose the upper portion of the sacrificial spacers. The sacrificial spacers are removed to form first spacer structures having respective air spacers, and the first spacer structures include the first spacers, the air spacers and the second spacers sequentially stacked on the sidewalls of the conductive structures.

Abstract: A method for forming patterns of a semiconductor device includes sequentially forming a hard mask layer, a sacrificial layer, and an anti-reflection layer on a substrate, the substrate including a cell region and a peripheral circuit region, patterning the sacrificial layer to form a first sacrificial pattern on the cell region and a second sacrificial pattern on the peripheral circuit region, forming spacers covering sidewalls of the first and second sacrificial patterns, and removing the first sacrificial pattern. The anti-reflection layer includes a lower anti-reflection layer and an upper anti-reflection layer which are formed of materials different from each other. In the patterning of the sacrificial layer, the anti-reflection layer is patterned to form a first anti-reflection pattern on the first sacrificial pattern and a second anti-reflection pattern on the second sacrificial pattern. The second anti-reflection pattern remains when the first sacrificial pattern is removed.

Abstract: Carbon-containing patterns are formed on an etch target layer, side surfaces of the carbon-containing patterns are treated by a hydrophilic process, poly-crystalline silicon spacers are formed on the side surfaces of the carbon-containing patterns after the hydrophilic process has been performed, and the etch target layer is patterned using the poly-crystalline silicon spacers as an etch mask.

Abstract: Carbon-containing patterns are formed on an etch target layer, side surfaces of the carbon-containing patterns are treated by a hydrophilic process, poly-crystalline silicon spacers are formed on the side surfaces of the carbon-containing patterns after the hydrophilic process has been performed, and the etch target layer is patterned using the poly-crystalline silicon spacers as an etch mask.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices having a silicon-germanium channel layer and methods of forming the semiconductor devices are provided. The methods may include forming a silicon-germanium channel layer on a substrate in a peripheral circuit region and sequentially forming a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer on the silicon-germanium channel layer. The methods may also include forming a conductive layer on the substrate, which includes a cell array region and the peripheral circuit region, and patterning the conductive layer to form a conductive line in the cell array region and a gate electrode in the peripheral circuit region. The first insulating layer may be formed at a first temperature and the second insulating layer may be formed at a second temperature higher than the first temperature.

Abstract: Provided are a semiconductor device and a method of forming thereof. The semiconductor device includes a substrate having an isolating trench defining active areas, gate structures formed in the active area and crossing the isolating trench, a first protection layer formed on the active area of the substrate, and a second protection layer formed on the first protection layer, wherein, in a first isolating area in which the gate structure and the isolating trench cross, the first protection layer is conformally formed on an inner wall and bottom of the isolating trench, and the second protection layer is formed on the first protection layer formed on the bottom of the isolating trench.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices having a silicon-germanium channel layer and methods of forming the semiconductor devices are provided. The methods may include forming a silicon-germanium channel layer on a substrate in a peripheral circuit region and sequentially forming a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer on the silicon-germanium channel layer. The methods may also include forming a conductive layer on the substrate, which includes a cell array region and the peripheral circuit region, and patterning the conductive layer to form a conductive line in the cell array region and a gate electrode in the peripheral circuit region. The first insulating layer may be formed at a first temperature and the second insulating layer may be formed at a second temperature higher than the first temperature.