Abstract: There is disclosed a self-powered apparatus for measuring precipitation, comprising: a housing; a display unit including one or more display lights capable of displaying an amount of precipitation, wherein the display lights are formed on at least one of outer surfaces of the housing; a water collecting vessel, having a funnel-shaped space to which the precipitation is introduced and gathered at a vertex part of the funnel-shaped space; a cup module, having an accommodating space for accommodating the precipitation dropped from the vertex part of the funnel-shaped space of the water collecting vessel; an electric signaling unit; a guiding module; a self-powered generator; and a final drainage opening, formed at a lower part of the housing.

Abstract: There is disclosed a self-powered apparatus for measuring precipitation, comprising: a housing; a display unit including one or more display lights capable of displaying an amount of precipitation, wherein the display lights are formed on at least one of outer surfaces of the housing; a water collecting vessel, having a funnel-shaped space to which the precipitation is introduced and gathered at a vertex part of the funnel-shaped space; a cup module, having an accommodating space for accommodating the precipitation dropped from the vertex part of the funnel-shaped space of the water collecting vessel; an electric signaling unit; a guiding module; a self-powered generator; and a final drainage opening, formed at a lower part of the housing.

Abstract: A method, controlling device, and system for simulating a generation of black ice on a road including steps of: (a) in response to an ambient atmosphere being determined as in a (1-1)-st state, changing the ambient atmosphere to be in a (1-2)-nd state by referring to a (1-1)-st simulation variable corresponding to a temperature of the ambient atmosphere and a (1-2)-nd simulation variable corresponding to a humidity of the ambient atmosphere; and (ii) in response to a road specimen being determined as in a (2-1)-st state, changing the road specimen to be in a (2-2)-nd state by referring to a (2-1)-st simulation variable corresponding to a temperature of the road specimen and a (2-2)-nd simulation variable corresponding to a residual precipitation; (b) applying a triggering action; and (c) determining whether the black ice is generated on the road specimen.

Abstract: A black ice generating device for generating black ice on a specimen, with dimensions of length X, width Y, and height Z, to be used for experiments on black ice, comprising: a housing; a specimen loading part, for accommodating at least a height h of a water layer, wherein the specimen loading part is formed in the housing and configured as a depression with dimensions of at least length X, at least width Y, and at least height Z+h; and one or more strap loading parts formed with recesses of a depth D1 and a depth D2 respectively from a first side surface of the depression and a second side surface thereof, wherein the recesses are to accommodate one or more straps, and wherein the depth D1 and the depth D2 are larger than a size of a cross-section of the straps.

Abstract: A rainwater detection device for detecting rainwater is provided. The rainwater detection device includes: a panel having a surface; rainwater sensing wires on the surface; and a rainwater sensor (i) physically connected with the rainwater sensing wires without an electrical connection if a condition is unsatisfied and (ii) physically and electrically connected with the rainwater sensing wires if the condition is satisfied; wherein a first wire, one of the rainwater sensing wires, is separated from a second wire, another of the rainwater sensing wires, by an interval, without contacting each other and wherein the rainwater sensing wires are connected to opposite polarity of an electrode connected with the rainwater sensor, and wherein the condition is that a first state where no current flows between the first and the second wires is changed to a second state where current flows between the first and the second wires due to the rainwater.

Abstract: A rainwater detection device for detecting rainwater is provided. The rainwater detection device includes: a panel having a surface; rainwater sensing wires on the surface; and a rainwater sensor (i) physically connected with the rainwater sensing wires without an electrical connection if a condition is unsatisfied and (ii) physically and electrically connected with the rainwater sensing wires if the condition is satisfied; wherein a first wire, one of the rainwater sensing wires, is separated from a second wire, another of the rainwater sensing wires, by an interval, without contacting each other and wherein the rainwater sensing wires are connected to opposite polarity of an electrode connected with the rainwater sensor, and wherein the condition is that a first state where no current flows between the first and the second wires is changed to a second state where current flows between the first and the second wires due to the rainwater.

Abstract: A covering device for protecting an anemometer engaged with an external frame on a moving body is provided. The covering device includes: a propeller protecting part including (1_1)-st and (1_2)-nd case units for protecting a propeller, wherein space created by combining the (1_1)-st and (1_2)-nd case units holds the propeller; a body protecting part including (2_1)-st and (2_2)-nd case units for protecting a main body and its vertical tail, wherein space created by combining the (2_1)-st and (2_2)-nd case units holds the main body and the vertical tail; and a supporting member protecting part including (3_1)-st and (3_2)-nd case units for protecting a supporting member, wherein space created by combining the (3_1)-st and (3_2)-nd case units holds the supporting member; wherein the (3_1)-st and (3_2)-nd case units engage the external frame, to allow all the case units to be fixed.

Abstract: A covering device for protecting an anemometer engaged with an external frame on a moving body is provided. The covering device includes: a propeller protecting part including (1_1)-st and (1_2)-nd case units for protecting a propeller, wherein space created by combining the (1_1)-st and (1_2)-nd case units holds the propeller; a body protecting part including (2_1)-st and (2_2)-nd case units for protecting a main body and its vertical tail, wherein space created by combining the (2_1)-st and (2_2)-nd case units holds the main body and the vertical tail; and a supporting member protecting part including (3_1)-st and (3_2)-nd case units for protecting a supporting member, wherein space created by combining the (3_1)-st and (3_2)-nd case units holds the supporting member; wherein the (3_1)-st and (3_2)-nd case units engage the external frame, to allow all the case units to be fixed.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and apparatus for expressing a seeding line for artificial enhancement of rain in airborne experiments considering cloud water. The method includes calculating average cloud liquid water path (LWP) for each time zone in a target region based on numerical weather prediction (NWP) model data for the target region, calculating an average wind direction and wind velocity in the target region, calculating a middle point and left and right end points of a seeding line candidate which is based on the average wind direction and wind velocity, calculating a seeding line by correcting the seeding line candidate based on a point at which cloud liquid water contents (LWC) is a maximum within upper, lower, left and right selection regions around the middle point and a height at the point, and expressing the seeding line and the height of the seeding line as an optimal seeding line and seeding height if the maximum value of the LWC is greater than 0.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for estimating a snow depth including: an optical disdrometer for acquiring information on diameters of snow particles and particle number concentration; a laser snow depth gauge for measuring the height of snow accumulated through a laser beam type sensor to provide an observed stop depth; an estimated snow depth equation calculator for determining an optimal index for the diameters of the snow particles provided by the optical disdrometer, substituting the optimal index for a snow depth calculation equation as a first mathematical equation to calculate a computed snow depth, obtaining correlation between the observed snow depth and the computed snow depth, and calculating a regression equation between the observed snow depth and the computed snow depth as an estimated snow depth equation; and a snow depth estimator for estimating the snow depth on the basis of the estimated snow depth equation, and the first mathematical equation.

Abstract: Provided are an automatic precipitation sampler system and an operation method thereof. The automatic precipitation sampler system, includes a main body having an water receiving port provided in the upper portion thereof, a driving unit disposed in the main body, a circular table disposed in the main body and rotating by the driving unit, a plurality of sample containers arranged at uniform intervals from each other at positions spaced away from the center of the circular table by a predetermined distance in the radial direction of the circular table, and a plurality of funnels arranged on top of each of the plurality of sample containers such that any one of the plurality of funnels is aligned with the water receiving port.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for estimating a snow depth including: an optical disdrometer for acquiring information on diameters of snow particles and particle number concentration; a laser snow depth gauge for measuring the height of snow accumulated through a laser beam type sensor to provide an observed stop depth; an estimated snow depth equation calculator for determining an optimal index for the diameters of the snow particles provided by the optical disdrometer, substituting the optimal index for a snow depth calculation equation as a first mathematical equation to calculate a computed snow depth, obtaining correlation between the observed snow depth and the computed snow depth, and calculating a regression equation between the observed snow depth and the computed snow depth as an estimated snow depth equation; and a snow depth estimator for estimating the snow depth on the basis of the estimated snow depth equation, and the first mathematical equation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a remote observation system including: a radar for calculating a rain cloud profile; a GNSS for calculating total rain cloud profiles; a radiometer for calculating a light cloud profile; and a lidar for calculating an aerosol profile. The remote observation method according to the present invention includes: the first step of calculating a rain cloud profile by means of a radar; the second step of calculating total rain cloud profiles by means of a GNSS; the third step of calculating a light cloud profile by means of a radiometer; and the fourth step for calculating an aerosol profile by means of a lidar.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for calibrating and validating an MRR, the apparatus including a correlation calculation unit configured to determine a correlation between a precipitation strength value and a precipitation measurement value, a regression equation calculation unit configured to calculate a regression equation for the precipitation strength value and to calculate a result value of the regression equation, an optimum accumulation time determination unit configured to determine an optimum accumulation time based on the correlation and the result value, a rain cloud vertical sampling unit configured to sample a rain cloud example, a vertical reflectance comparison unit configured to compare a calibrated MRR at a shortest range distance with a vertical reflectance according to a wind system, and a radar constant correction unit configured to correct a constant of an MRR based on the optimum value or the sampling and a result value of the comparison.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method including a first step for executing, by a numerical simulation execution unit, numerical simulations on an artificial precipitation experiment according to a dispersed seeding material, a second step for calculating, by a spread field information calculation unit, spread field information about the seeding material from the results of the numerical simulations, a third step for calculating, by a point dispersion time range calculation unit, a spread time range of the seeding material for one or more observation points based on the calculated spread field information about the seeding material, and a fourth step for displaying, by a time-series display unit, the spread time range of the seeding material in observation data time series at each of the observation points.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system and method for determining whether to perform airborne glaciogenic seeding experiments through numerical simulations including analyzing weather factors of a target area for airborne glaciogenic seeding experiments, determining whether airborne experiments are possible based on the direction of the wind, the velocity of the wind, temperature and humidity in the target area, determining seeding information by taking into consideration the direction of the wind and the velocity of the wind, performing numerical simulations using the seeding information, displaying and calculating a seeding material spread and distribution field using the results of the numerical simulations, displaying a precipitation increment and a region, and calculating an area, and determining whether a seeding effect is present or not using the displayed and calculated results.

Abstract: Provided are a method and system for automatically displaying a flight path, a seeding path, and weather data, the system including: an experimental scientist terminal transmitting weather data; a pilot terminal; a terrestrial data processing server transmitting wind field observation data concerning a seeding path; and a portable data processing server that receives and stores weather data from the experimental scientist terminal and constitutes a flight path and a seeding path of an experimental airplane, and a current location of the experimental airplane, thereby transmitting information on the constituted flight path, seeding path, and current location to the experimental scientist terminal and the pilot terminal, the portable data processing server resetting the stored seeding path by control of the experimental scientist terminal based on wind field observation data concerning the seeding path, and storing location information of the experimental airplane by control of the experimental scientist termin