Abstract: An exposure apparatus including a substrate transporting unit configured to transport a substrate in a first direction, and including a first measuring part; and an exposure part disposed over the substrate transporting unit configured to irradiate the substrate with ultraviolet rays. The first measuring part is configured to measure an intensity of the ultraviolet rays before the substrate is irradiated.

Abstract: An alignment film composition includes a copolymer of a dianhydride-based compound and a diamine-based compound, and a cross-linker.

Abstract: A photoalignment agent includes a polyimide and a capping terminal connected to a main chain end terminal of the polyimide. The capping terminal includes an alkylene group (—CmH2m—, m is a natural number) and a core stereo unit in a dendrimer format. A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate, a thin film transistor disposed on the first substrate, a first electrode connected to the thin film transistor, and a first alignment layer disposed on the first electrode. The first alignment layer includes a polyimide and a capping terminal connected to a main chain end terminal of the polyimide. The capping terminal includes an alkylene group (—CmH2m-, m is a natural number) and a core stereo unit in a dendrimer format.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus including a substrate transporting unit configured to transport a substrate in a first direction, and including a first measuring part; and an exposure part disposed over the substrate transporting unit configured to irradiate the substrate with ultraviolet rays. The first measuring part is configured to measure an intensity of the ultraviolet rays before the substrate is irradiated.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a substrate including a display area in which display pixels are arranged in a row direction and a column direction, a first dummy area, which is adjacent to a first side, in the row direction, of the display area, and a second dummy area, which is adjacent to a second side, in the row direction, of the display area, pixel electrodes on the substrate, the pixel electrodes including display pixel electrodes, which are respectively disposed in the display pixels, first dummy pixel electrodes, which are disposed in the first dummy area in the column direction, and second dummy pixel electrodes, which are disposed in the second dummy area in the column direction, and an alignment layer disposed on the pixel electrodes, where an average thickness of the alignment layer is larger in the first and second dummy areas than in the display area.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes: a signal controller configured to receive an input image signal corresponding to a gray from the outside, and an image signal corrector configured to correct the input image signal. The image signal corrector is configured to shift a first input image signal value corresponding to a black gray by a first value based on a common voltage, is configured to shift a second input image signal value corresponding to a halftone gray by a second value based on the common voltage, and is configured to shift a third input image signal value corresponding to a white gray by a third value based on the common voltage. The first value and the second value are larger than a kickback voltage of each of the black gray and the halftone gray, and the third value is the same as a kickback voltage of the white gray.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel, a timing controller and a data driver. The display panel includes a plurality of sub-pixels to display an image. The timing controller generates a data signal and compensation data based on an optimum common voltage of odd-numbered line sub-pixels and an optimum common voltage of even-numbered line sub-pixels. The data driver converts the data signal into a data voltage and to output the data voltage to the display panel.

Abstract: Among data voltages applied to a plurality of pixels on a display panel, a first data voltage is shifted from a first original data voltage by a first value, a second data voltage is shifted from a second original data voltage by a second value, and a third data voltage is shifted from a third original data voltage by a third value to compensate for AC and DC afterimages. A common voltage generator provides an optimal common voltage for the third data voltage when the temperature of the liquid crystal panel assembly is lower than a reference temperature and provides an optimal common voltage for the first data voltage or the second data voltage when the temperature of the liquid crystal panel assembly is higher than or equal to the reference temperature. The first, second, and third values correspond to respective kickback voltages of the respective gray level data voltages.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a plurality of red pixel areas, a plurality of green pixel areas, a plurality of blue pixel areas, and a light blocking member which defines the plurality of red pixel areas, the plurality of green pixel areas, and the plurality of blue pixel areas therein, and includes an expansion portion which overlaps a spacer which maintains a cell gap and is provided between the plurality of green pixel areas and the plurality of blue pixel areas and between the plurality of red pixel areas and the plurality of green pixel areas.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display, a pretilt value provided by an upper alignment layer or a lower alignment layer is gradually changed in one domain, such that liquid crystal molecules have various arrangements in which azimuth angles of aligned liquid crystal molecules are gradually changed.

Abstract: A method of repairing a liquid crystal display device, the method including, providing a liquid crystal display device including a substrate, a light blocking member disposed on the substrate, and an overcoat layer which is disposed on the substrate and the light blocking member and which contains a material capable of absorbing ultraviolet light having a wavelength range from 200 nanometers to 400 nanometers; and irradiating the overcoat layer with a laser beam having a wavelength range from 200 nanometers to 400 nanometers to form a microcavity between the substrate and the overcoat layer to repair the liquid crystal display.

Abstract: A method of reworking a photo-alignment film for use in a liquid crystal display (LCD) includes, providing a substrate on which a photo-alignment film including a photo-reactive group is formed by irradiation of a first light polarized in a first direction, the photo-reactive group including cyclobutane dianhydride (CBDA) or a CBDA derivative and diamine; irradiating a second light polarized in a second direction, which is different from the first direction, onto the photo-alignment film; and treating the photo-alignment film with a splitting solution.

Abstract: Among data voltages applied to a plurality of pixels on a display panel, a first data voltage is shifted from a first original data voltage by a first value, a second data voltage is shifted from a second original data voltage by a second value, and a third data voltage is shifted from a third original data voltage by a third value to compensate for AC and DC afterimages. A common voltage generator provides an optimal common voltage for the third data voltage when the temperature of the liquid crystal panel assembly is lower than a reference temperature and provides an optimal common voltage for the first data voltage or the second data voltage when the temperature of the liquid crystal panel assembly is higher than or equal to the reference temperature. The first, second, and third values correspond to respective kickback voltages of the respective gray level data voltages.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display panel including forming a pixel electrode including first nano-conductive lines extending in a first direction on a first base substrate and arranged in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction, disposing a second base substrate above the first base substrate, and forming a liquid crystal layer on the first nano-conductive lines, which is aligned by the first nano-conductive lines.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display, including: applying a photoalignment agent on a substrate; baking the applied photoalignment agent; forming a photoalignment layer by irradiating the baked photoalignment agent with polarized light; baking the photoalignment layer; and removing at least one decomposed unit by cleaning the baked photoalignment layer using a cleaning solution including at least one of propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, or ethyl lactate.

Abstract: A display device includes a first base substrate, first through n-th gate lines, first through (m+1)-th data lines, and a plurality of pixels. Each of the first through n-th gate lines extends in a first direction. Each of the first through (m+1)-th data lines extends in a second direction crossing the first direction. The plurality of pixels is arranged in a matrix form. Each of the plurality of pixels is coupled to a corresponding one of the gate lines and a corresponding one of the data lines. Each pixel in the first column among the plurality of pixels is independently driven from each pixel in the second column among the plurality of pixels. Pixels in the first column and pixels in the m-th column are provided in the non-display area. Pixels coupled to the first data line and pixels coupled to the (m+1)-th data line display a black image.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: a gate line disposed on a first substrate; a gate insulating layer disposed on the gate line; a semiconductor layer disposed on the gate insulating layer; a data line disposed on the semiconductor layer and including a source electrode; a drain electrode disposed on the semiconductor layer and facing the source electrode via the semiconductor layer interposed therebetween; a passivation layer disposed on the data line and the drain electrode; a pixel electrode disposed on the passivation layer and connected to the drain electrode; a first alignment pattern layer disposed on the pixel electrode; and a first alignment layer disposed on the pixel electrode and the first alignment pattern layer and made of a photoalignment material, wherein the first alignment pattern layer includes a plurality of first alignment patterns separated with a predetermined interval, and the first alignment layer has a concave-convex shape

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other; a pixel electrode disposed on the first substrate; a first alignment layer formed on at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate; a second alignment layer disposed on a same substrate as the first alignment layer, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, where the first alignment layer is a rubbing alignment layer, and the second alignment layer is a photo-alignment layer. A method of manufacturing the liquid crystal display is also provided.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display that includes: a first substrate; a thin film transistor disposed on the first substrate; a first electrode connected to the thin film transistor; and a first alignment layer disposed on the first electrode. The first alignment layer is formed by polymerizing a diamine and at least one of cyclobutane dianhydride (CBDA) and a cyclobutane dianhydride (CBDA) derivative. A decomposition efficiency representing a change in imidization ratio included before and after light exposure of the first alignment layer is in a range of 10% to 30%.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided. A photo-alignment layer thereof includes a polyimide and a crosslinker including an alkylene group (—CnH2n—, where n is a natural number) and a plurality of crosslinking end groups, wherein the plurality of crosslinking end groups include at least two types of end groups or end group derivatives, each type having a different available functional group.