Abstract: Methods of labeling, identifying and differentiating microorganisms using functionalized Buckyballs are provided herein. The invention further provides methods for imaging or inhibiting gene expression using functionalized Buckyballs of the invention. The invention also provides a system for labeling, identifying and differentiating microorganisms.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein provide methods and systems for delineating cell nuclei and classifying regions of histopathology or microanatomy while remaining invariant to batch effects. These systems and methods can include providing a plurality of reference images of histology sections. A first set of basis functions can then be determined from the reference images. Then, the histopathology or microanatomy of the histology sections can be classified by reference to the first set of basis functions, or reference to human engineered features. A second set of basis functions can then be calculated for delineating cell nuclei from the reference images and delineating the nuclear regions of the histology sections based on the second set of basis functions.

Abstract: Methods of labeling, identifying and differentiating microorganisms using functionalized Buckyballs are provided herein. The invention further provides methods for imaging or inhibiting gene expression using functionalized Buckyballs of the invention. The invention also provides a system for labeling, identifying and differentiating microorganisms.

Abstract: Methods of labeling, identifying and differentiating microorganisms using functionalized Buckyballs are provided herein. The invention further provides methods for imaging or inhibiting gene expression using functionalized Buckyballs of the invention. The invention also provides a system for labeling, identifying and differentiating microorganisms.

Abstract: The introduction of tools to study, control or expand the inner-workings of algae has been slow to develop. Provided are embodiments of a molecular method based on guanidinium-rich molecular transporters (GR-MoTrs) for bringing molecular cargos into algal cells. The methods of the disclosure have been shown to work in wild-type algae that have an intact cell wall. Developed using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, this method is also successful with less studied algae, including Neochloris oleoabundans and Scenedesmus dimorphus, thus providing a new and versatile tool for algal research and modification. The method of delivering a cargo compound to an algal cell comprises contacting an algal cell with a guanidinium-rich delivery vehicle comprising a guanidinium-rich molecular transporter (GR-MoTr) linked to a cargo compound desired to be delivered to the algal cell, whereby the guanidinium-rich molecular transporter can traverse the algal cell wall, thereby delivering the cargo compound to the algal cell.

Abstract: Determining at least one of a prognosis or a therapy for a patient based on a stained tissue section of the patient. An image of a stained tissue section of a patient is processed by a processing device. A set of features values for a set of cell-based features is extracted from the processed image, and the processed image is associated with a particular cluster of a plurality of clusters based on the set of feature values, where the plurality of clusters is defined with respect to a feature space corresponding to the set of features.

Abstract: The introduction of tools to study, control or expand the inner-workings of algae has been slow to develop. Provided are embodiments of a molecular method based on guanidinium-rich molecular transporters (GR-MoTrs) for bringing molecular cargos into algal cells. The methods of the disclosure have been shown to work in wild-type algae that have an intact cell wall. Developed using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, this method is also successful with less studied algae, including Neochloris oleoabundans and Scenedesmus dimorphus, thus providing a new and versatile tool for algal research and modification. The method of delivering a cargo compound to an algal cell comprises contacting an algal cell with a guanidinium-rich delivery vehicle comprising a guanidinium-rich molecular transporter (GR-MoTr) linked to a cargo compound desired to be delivered to the algal cell, whereby the guanidinium-rich molecular transporter can traverse the algal cell wall, thereby delivering the cargo compound to the algal cell.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein provide methods and systems for delineating cell nuclei and classifying regions of histopathology or microanatomy while remaining invariant to batch effects. These systems and methods can include providing a plurality of reference images of histology sections. A first set of basis functions can then be determined from the reference images. Then, the histopathology or microanatomy of the histology sections can be classified by reference to the first set of basis functions, or reference to human engineered features. A second set of basis functions can then be calculated for delineating cell nuclei from the reference images and delineating the nuclear regions of the histology sections based on the second set of basis functions.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and devices for the knowledge-based discovery and optimization of differences between cell types. In particular, the present invention provides visual servoing optical microscopy, as well as analysis methods. The present invention provides means for the close monitoring of hundreds of individual, living cells over time; quantification of dynamic physiological responses in multiple channels; real-time digital image segmentation and analysis; intelligent, repetitive computer-applied cell stress and cell stimulation; and the ability to return to the same field of cells for long-term studies and observation. The present invention further provides means to optimize culture conditions for specific subpopulations of cells.

Abstract: Determining at least one of a prognosis or a therapy for a patient based on a stained tissue section of the patient. An image of a stained tissue section of a patient is processed by a processing device. A set of features values for a set of cell-based features is extracted from the processed image, and the processed image is associated with a particular cluster of a plurality of clusters based on the set of feature values, where the plurality of clusters is defined with respect to a feature space corresponding to the set of features.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and devices for the knowledge-based discovery and optimization of differences between cell types. In particular, the present invention provides visual servoing optical microscopy, as well as analysis methods. The present invention provides means for the close monitoring of hundreds of individual, living cells over time; quantification of dynamic physiological responses in multiple channels; real-time digital image segmentation and analysis; intelligent, repetitive computer-applied cell stress and cell stimulation; and the ability to return to the same field of cells for long-term studies and observation. The present invention further provides means to optimize culture conditions for specific subpopulations of cells.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and devices for the knowledge-based discovery and optimization of differences between cell types. In particular, the present invention provides visual servoing optical microscopy, as well as analysis methods. The present invention provides means for the close monitoring of hundreds of individual, living cells over time; quantification of dynamic physiological responses in multiple channels; real-time digital image segmentation and analysis; intelligent, repetitive computer-applied cell stress and cell stimulation; and the ability to return to the same field of cells for long-term studies and observation. The present invention further provides means to optimize culture conditions for specific subpopulations of cells.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and devices for the knowledge-based discovery and optimization of differences between cell types. In particular, the present invention provides visual servoing optical microscopy, as well as analysis methods. The present invention provides means for the close monitoring of hundreds of individual, living cells over time; quantification of dynamic physiological responses in multiple channels; real-time digital image segmentation and analysis; intelligent, repetitive computer-applied cell stress and cell stimulation; and the ability to return to the same field of cells for long-term studies and observation. The present invention further provides means to optimize culture conditions for specific subpopulations of cells.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and devices for the knowledge-based discovery and optimization of differences between cell types. In particular, the present invention provides visual servoing optical microscopy, as well as analysis methods. The present invention provides means for the close monitoring of hundreds of individual, living cells over time; quantification of dynamic physiological responses in multiple channels; real-time digital image segmentation and analysis; intelligent, repetitive computer-applied cell stress and cell stimulation; and the ability to return to the same field of cells for long-term studies and observation. The present invention further provides means to optimize culture conditions for specific subpopulations of cells.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and devices for the knowledge-based discovery and optimization of differences between cell types. In particular, the present invention provides visual servoing optical microscopy, as well as analysis methods. The present invention provides means for the close monitoring of hundreds of individual, living cells over time: quantification of dynamic physiological responses in multiple channels; real-time digital image segmentation and analysis; intelligent, repetitive computer-applied cell stress and cell stimulation; and the ability to return to the same field of cells for long-term studies and observation. The present invention further provides means to optimize culture conditions for specific subpopulations of cells.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and devices for the knowledge-based discovery and optimization of differences between cell types. In particular, the present invention provides visual servoing optical microscopy, as well as analysis methods. The present invention provides means for the close monitoring of hundreds of individual, living cells over time: quantification of dynamic physiological responses in multiple channels; real-time digital image segmentation and analysis; intelligent, repetitive computer-applied cell stress and cell stimulation; and the ability to return to the same field of cells for long-term studies and observation. The present invention further provides means to optimize culture conditions for specific subpopulations of cells.

Abstract: An apparatus using electrophoresis provides accurate manipulation of an object on a microscope stage for further manipulations add reactions. The present invention also provides an inexpensive and easily accessible means to move an object without damage to the object. A plurality of electrodes are coupled to the stage in an array whereby the electrode array allows for distinct manipulations of the electric field for accurate manipulations of the object. There is an electrode array control coupled to the plurality of electrodes for manipulating the electric field. In an alternative embodiment, a chamber is provided on the stage to hold the object. The plurality of electrodes are positioned in the chamber, and the chamber is filled with fluid. The system can be automated using visual servoing, which manipulates the control parameters, i.e., x, y stage, applying the field, etc., after extracting the significant features directly from image data.

Abstract: A method for determining whether a perceived target is acceptably close to a model target. The perceived target is first segmented using a relaxation based procedure. Structural features from the perceived target are extracted by producing a compact one-dimensional description of the perceived target's boundary. Said structural features are classified by using string-to-string matching, wherein one of two symbolic strings is a representation of the compact one-dimensional description of the boundary of the perceived target, and the other of said two symbolic strings is a pre-stored representation of the model target. The string-to-string matching entails measuring the distance between the two strings based upon deletion, insertion, and substitution of symbols from one string to the other. Performing the string-to-string matching measures how closely local structural features of the perceived target resemble local structural features of the model target.

Abstract: A systolic array (1) for reducing the time required to solve an algorithm having cyclic loop dependency, i.e., nested loops in which values calculated by inner loops depend upon indices of said inner loops and upon indices of outer loops. The array (1) comprises a chain of several identical serially connected and sequentially accessed cells. In the preferred embodiment, each cell, except for first and last cells in the chain, is connected to its two adjacent cells only. Multiprocessing is employed: at certain times during the algorithm solving, more than one cell is simultaneously activated to perform portions of the solving, so that the total time required to solve the algorithms is shortened to be a linear function of n.times.m. The algorithm can represent measurement of the distance between two symbolic strings, or other problems in artificial intelligence or logic.