Abstract: The field is related to plant breeding and methods of identifying and selecting plants with resistance to southern corn rust. Provided are methods to identify novel genes that encode proteins providing plant resistance to southern corn rust and uses thereof. These disease resistant genes are useful in the production of resistant plants through breeding, transgenic modification, or genome editing.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method and a system for wavelet domain-based normalizing flow super-resolution image reconstruction. The method includes constructing a training set and a normalizing flow model, wherein the normalizing flow model includes a plurality of levels, each of the plurality of levels including a squeeze layer, two types of conditional mapping layers, a split layer, an activation standard layer, and a quick response (QR) layer; determining a stable normalizing flow model through a wavelet transform, a reconstructed QR layer, and a T-distribution based on the normalizing flow model; determining a wavelet domain-based normalizing flow super-resolution model by adding a refinement layer based on the stable normalizing flow model; training the wavelet domain-based normalizing flow super-resolution model based on the training set; and reconstructing a super-resolution image based on a trained normalizing flow super-resolution model.