Abstract: Example embodiments of a system and method for providing a congestion measurement in a network are disclosed. In an example embodiment information is received at an information transfer rate, from a source network device. A sample of the information may be taken before the information is transmitted to a destination network device. In an example embodiment, a congestion measurement value is computed that corresponds to the sample and represented with at least two bits. A multi-bit indicator of the congestion measurement value is then transmitted to control the information transfer rate of information arriving in the future.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for congestion control in computer networks achieve high burst tolerance, low latency and high throughput with shallow-buffered switches. A method for controlling congestion includes transmitting a set of data packets on a network connection from a first computing device to a second computing device, identifying each data packet in the set of data packets that experienced congestion on the network connection, sending, by the second computing device to the first computing device, a sequence of bits that represents the number of data packets in the set of data packets that were identified as having experienced congestion, and adjusting a rate of transmitting data packets on the network connection based on the sequence of bits sent to the first computing device.

Abstract: A circuit analysis tool is provided for die size reduction analysis. A processor determines a first initial output slack time. If the first initial output slack time is greater than zero, a first circuit element is modeled with a second die area, less than the first die area. The second die area is associated with a third delay greater than the first delay. Then, the second data signal is modeled equal to the first data signal with the third delay. If a first modified output slack time is greater than or equal to zero, the first circuit element first die can be replaced with the second die. If the first modified output slack time is a first value less than zero, a first delay is added to the clock signal that is greater than or equal to the first value.

Abstract: A circuit analysis tool is provided for optimizing circuit clock operating frequency using useful skew timing analysis. The instructions supply clock signal with an optimized operating frequency. A first gate signal input slack time is determined with respect to the clock signal to the first gate. If the first gate signal input has a negative slack time, a delay is added to the first clock signal. A second gate signal input slack time is determined with respect to the clock signal to the second gate. If the second gate signal input slack time is negative, a delay is added to the second clock signal necessary to create a second gate signal input positive slack time. In response to the first and second gate signal input positive slack times, it is determined that the circuit successfully operates at the clock optimized operating frequency.

Abstract: Example embodiments of a system and method for providing a congestion measurement in a network are disclosed. In an example embodiment information is received at an information transfer rate, from a source network device. A sample of the information may be taken before the information is transmitted to a destination network device. In an example embodiment, a congestion measurement value is computed that corresponds to the sample and represented with at least two bits. A multi-bit indicator of the congestion measurement value is then transmitted to control the information transfer rate of information arriving in the future.

Abstract: A method and system to manage network congestion are provided. In one example embodiment, the method comprises receiving an indication of a rate increase request at a reaction point computer system, determining information indicative of a frequency of rate decrease requests during a period of time, and initiating a rate increase signal utilizing the information indicative of the frequency of rate decrease requests during the period of time.

Abstract: Example embodiments of a system and method for providing a congestion measurement in a network are disclosed. In an example embodiment information is received at an information transfer rate, from a source network device. A sample of the information may be taken before the information is transmitted to a destination network device. In an example embodiment, a congestion measurement value is computed that corresponds to the sample and represented with at least two bits. A multi-bit indicator of the congestion measurement value is then transmitted to control the information transfer rate of information arriving in the future.

Abstract: A method and system to manage network traffic congestion in networks with link layer flow control is provided. The system comprises a physical queue monitor configured to monitor a state of a physical queue at a network device, a link layer flow control activator configured to activate link layer flow control based on the state of the physical queue, a proxy queue control module, a proxy queue monitor to monitor the state of the proxy queue, and a transport layer flow control activator. The proxy queue control module may be configured to update a state of a proxy queue based on the state of the physical queue. The proxy queue monitor may be configured to monitor the state of the proxy queue. The transport layer flow control activator may be configured to activate transport layer flow control based on the state of the proxy queue.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for congestion control in computer networks achieve high burst tolerance, low latency and high throughput with shallow-buffered switches. A method for controlling congestion includes transmitting a set of data packets on a network connection from a first computing device to a second computing device, identifying each data packet in the set of data packets that experienced congestion on the network connection, sending, by the second computing device to the first computing device, a sequence of bits that represents the number of data packets in the set of data packets that were identified as having experienced congestion, and adjusting a rate of transmitting data packets on the network connection based on the sequence of bits sent to the first computing device.

Abstract: A method and system to manage network congestion are provided. In one example embodiment, the method comprises receiving an indication of a rate increase request at a reaction point computer system, determining information indicative of a frequency of rate decrease requests during a period of time, and initiating a rate increase signal utilizing the information indicative of the frequency of rate decrease requests during the period of time.

Abstract: A method and system to manage network congestion are provided. In one example embodiment, the system comprises a congestion point queue, a monitor to sample a state of the congestion point queue, a consolidated parameter generator to generate a consolidated feedback parameter, and a feedback message generator to generate a feedback message, utilizing the consolidated feedback parameter. The congestion point queue may be configured to queue messages from a reaction point to a congestion point. The state of the congestion point queue may be reflected by an equilibrium queue level, a queue offset, and a rate of change of a size of the congestion point queue. The equilibrium queue level may represent a particular predetermined size of the congestion point queue. The queue offset may represent a deviation from the equilibrium queue level. The consolidated feedback parameter may be generated to reflect the queue offset and the rate of change of the size of the congestion point queue.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for incentivizing and rewarding consistent and repeated recycling of recyclable materials.

Abstract: A method and system to manage network traffic congestion in networks with link layer flow control is provided. The system comprises a physical queue monitor configured to monitor a state of a physical queue at a network device, a link layer flow control activator configured to activate link layer flow control based on the state of the physical queue, a proxy queue control module, a proxy queue monitor to monitor the state of the proxy queue, and a transport layer flow control activator. The proxy queue control module may be configured to update a state of a proxy queue based on the state of the physical queue. The proxy queue monitor may be configured to monitor the state of the proxy queue. The transport layer flow control activator may be configured to activate transport layer flow control based on the state of the proxy queue.

Abstract: A method and system to adjust Congestion Notification control loop parameters at a congestion point are provided. The system comprises a monitor to sample a state of a congestion point the congestion point being to receive messages from a reaction point; a history generator to generate an updated reaction to congestion history by consolidating the state of the congestion point with a current reaction to congestion history, the current reaction to congestion history being associated with a current feedback message; a message generator to generate an updated feedback message based on the updated reaction to congestion history; a message update module to replace the current feedback message with the updated feedback message; and a communications module to communicate the updated feedback message to the reaction point.

Abstract: A method and system to manage network congestion are provided. In one example embodiment, the system comprises a congestion point queue, a monitor to sample a state of the congestion point queue, a consolidated parameter generator to generate a consolidated feedback parameter, and a feedback message generator to generate a feedback message, utilizing the consolidated feedback parameter. The congestion point queue may be configured to queue messages from a reaction point to a congestion point. The state of the congestion point queue may be reflected by an equilibrium queue level, a queue offset, and a rate of change of a size of the congestion point queue. The equilibrium queue level may represent a particular predetermined size of the congestion point queue. The queue offset may represent a deviation from the equilibrium queue level. The consolidated feedback parameter may be generated to reflect the queue offset and the rate of change of the size of the congestion point queue.

Abstract: Example embodiments of a system and method for providing a congestion measurement in a network are disclosed. In an example embodiment information is received at an information transfer rate, from a source network device. A sample of the information may be taken before the information is transmitted to a destination network device. In an example embodiment, a congestion measurement value is computed that corresponds to the sample and represented with at least two bits. A multi-bit indicator of the congestion measurement value is then transmitted to control the information transfer rate of information arriving in the future.

Abstract: In a packet-queue management system, a bandwidth allocation approach fairly addresses each of n flows that share the outgoing link of an otherwise congested router. According to an example embodiment of the invention, a buffer at the outgoing link is a simple FIFO, shared by packets belonging to the n flows. A packet priority-reduction (e.g., packet dropping) process is used to discriminate against the flows that submit more packets/sec than is allowed by their fair share. This packet management process therefore attempts to approximate a fair queuing policy. The embodiment is advantageously easy to implement and can control unresponsive or misbehaving flows with a minimum overhead.

Abstract: A packet-switch system utilizes a linecard-to-switch (LCS) protocol to integrate linecards with a switch core. Since the linecards include a majority of the buffering of the system and are located physically away from switch core, the size of the switch core can be reduced in size. The LCS protocol is a label-swapping, credit-based, flow-control, which enables the system to operate without requiring such information as the number of port modules available within a switch core or what Qualities of Service (QoS) or multicast flows are available. In addition, the LCS protocol enables the linecards to contain and manage the majority of the buffers in the system, and also to control the data drop policy within the system.

Abstract: Architectures based on a non-blocking fabric, such as a crosspoint switch, are attractive for use in high-speed LAN switches, ATM switches and IP routers. These fabrics, coupled with memory bandwidth limitations, dictate that queues be placed at the input of the switch. But it is well known that input-queueing can lead to low throughput, and does not allow the control of latency through the switch. This is in contrast to output-queueing, which maximizes throughput, and permits the accurate control of packet latency through scheduling.

Abstract: Architectures based on a non-blocking fabric, such as a crosspoint switch, are attractive for use in high-speed LAN switches, ATM switches and IP routers. These fabrics, coupled with memory bandwidth limitations, dictate that queues be placed at the input of the switch. But it is well known that input-queueing can lead to low throughput, and does not allow the control of latency through the switch. This is in contrast to output-queueing, which maximizes throughput, and permits the accurate control of packet latency through scheduling. A switch is disclosed with virtual output queueing at the input and queueing at the output with a speedup of just four, and the use of a “most urgent packet first” method of operation, the switch can behave identically to an output-queued switch, regardless of the nature of the arriving traffic. The switch therefore performs as if it were output-queued, yet uses memory that runs more slowly.