Abstract: Methods and apparatus for fast session restoration of user sessions in a network node are suitable for latency sensitive applications. The fast session restoration techniques take advantage of the layered architecture of a network node and stores layer-specific descriptors that describe the states of corresponding service layers of a network node for an active session. When a failure of the network nodes occurs, the descriptors are used to achieve a seamless and fast session restoration.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method of operation of a service requestor to request a service from a chain controller in a cellular communications network in which a user plane function is decomposed into a plurality of micro user plane functions are disclosed. In some embodiments, the method comprises sending, to the chain controller, a service description or a request to update a service description. The service description comprises one or more service template instances having respective service template definitions. Each service template definition of the respective service template definitions being data that defines a set of micro user plane functions that realize a service or a part of a service. Each service template instance of the one or more service template instances comprises data that defines a reference to the respective service template definition. The method further comprises receiving a reply from the chain controller.

Abstract: According to an aspect there is provided a computer-implemented method of operating a leader server in a leader server-follower server log replication configuration.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method of operation of a service requestor to request a service from a chain controller in a cellular communications network in which a user plane function is decomposed into a plurality of micro user plane functions are disclosed. In some embodiments, the method comprises sending, to the chain controller, a service description or a request to update a service description. The service description comprises one or more service template instances having respective service template definitions. Each service template definition of the respective service template definitions being data that defines a set of micro user plane functions that realize a service or a part of a service. Each service template instance of the one or more service template instances comprises data that defines a reference to the respective service template definition. The method further comprises receiving a reply from the chain controller.

Abstract: There is provided a method for handling execution of a function in a function-as-a- service (FaaS) system. According to the method, in response (200) to a trigger on a first node of the FaaS system for execution of a function, execution of the function is initiated (206) on the first node of the FaaS system if data to be accessed for the execution is stored on the first node of the FaaS system and/or execution of the function is initiated (210) on a second node of the FaaS system if the data to be accessed for the execution is stored on the second node of the FaaS system.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method of operation of a service requestor to request a service from a chain controller in a cellular communications network in which a user plane function is decomposed into a plurality of micro user plane functions are disclosed. In some embodiments, the method comprises sending, to the chain controller, a service description or a request to update a service description. The service description comprises one or more service template instances having respective service template definitions. Each service template definition of the respective service template definitions being data that defines a set of micro user plane functions that realize a service or a part of a service. Each service template instance of the one or more service template instances comprises data that defines a reference to the respective service template definition. The method further comprises receiving a reply from the chain controller.

Abstract: A method and control plane node capable of receiving, from a requester, a request for a unique identifier, selecting an identifier from a pool comprising a plurality of unique identifiers held by the control plane node, creating a key representing the selected identifier in the pool, attempting to write to an initial version of a value of the created key in order to create a key-value pair in the key-value store, wherein the writing is successful if no write previously has been performed to said initial version of the value, and if so returning, to the requester, the selected identifier as an allocated identifier.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for fast session restoration of user sessions in a network node are suitable for latency sensitive applications. The fast session restoration techniques take advantage of the layered architecture of a network node and stores layer-specific descriptors that describe the states of corresponding service layers of a network node for an active session. When a failure of the network nodes occurs, the descriptors are used to achieve a seamless and fast session restoration.

Abstract: A technique for application level based connection handling in a system comprising a plurality of distributed applications (302, 304) is disclosed. A method implementation of the technique is performed by a connection handling component (306) operating at application Level and providing an interface (310) towards a first application (302) of the plurality of distributed applications (302, 304) for establishing a connection with a second application (304) of the distributed plurality of applications (302, 304). The method comprises establishing, upon request of the first application (302) via the interface (310), a connection with the second application (304), and maintaining the connection on behalf of the first application (302) for communication between the first application (302) and the second application (304).

Abstract: Fail-over protection is provided for a server cluster including a plurality of primary nodes supporting user sessions and a standby node. When the standby node determines that a primary node in a cluster has failed, the standby node configures its network interface to use an Internet Protocol (IP) address of the failed primary node. The standby node further retrieves session data for user sessions supported by the failed primary node from a low latency database for the cluster and restores the user sessions at the standby node. When the user sessions are restored, the standby node switches from a standby mode to an active mode.

Abstract: A method and control plane node capable of receiving, from a requester, a request for a unique identifier, selecting an identifier from a pool comprising a plurality of unique identifiers held by the control plane node, creating a key representing the selected identifier in the pool, attempting to write to an initial version of a value of the created key in order to create a key-value pair in the key-value store, wherein the writing is successful if no write previously has been performed to said initial version of the value, and if so returning, to the requester, the selected identifier as an allocated identifier.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method of operation of a service requestor to request a service from a chain controller in a cellular communications network in which a user plane function is decomposed into a plurality of micro user plane functions are disclosed. In some embodiments, the method comprises sending, to the chain controller, a service description or a request to update a service description. The service description comprises one or more service template instances having respective service template definitions. Each service template definition of the respective service template definitions being data that defines a set of micro user plane functions that realize a service or a part of a service. Each service template instance of the one or more service template instances comprises data that defines a reference to the respective service template definition. The method further comprises receiving a reply from the chain controller.

Abstract: A method and computerized mechanism for collecting and categorizing offers from different commercial systems, and as a result a target list is offered for the users, which covers a wider range of online offers, and which automatically organizes the products and services into a hierarchical data structure, called virtual item. The method involves defining an item category; for each item category, completing search runs in various e-commerce systems; downloading a plurality of offers from each search run; for each offer, storing data; finding relevant words for each item category; forming a word vector from the relevant words; clustering the offers into different item groups; selecting a first portion of offers as a training set and a second portion of offers as a test set; and training classifier algorithms using the training set and the test set of the offers to adjust the internal parameters of the classification algorithm.