Abstract: A CTLA-4 small molecule degradation agent and an application thereof. The CTLA-4 small molecule degradation agent comprises a compound having the structure represented by formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an ester, a deuterated product, an isomer, a solvate, a prodrug, or an isotopic label thereof: a new class of small molecule compounds having high degradation activity on CTLA-4. The compounds show a good degradation activity on CTLA-4 at the nanomolar (nM) level in in vitro studies.

Abstract: The present invention provides the use of inosine in the treatment of a disease associated with Treg deficiency or Treg dysfunction, in particular immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome (IPEX). In one embodiment of the invention, the inosine can be provided in the form of a bacterial strain that is capable of stimulating the production of inosine. Methods for stimulating the production of inosine in a subject using said strains are also provided, as are methods for the selection of a bacterial strain capable of stimulating inosine production in a subject.

Abstract: The present invention provides the use of inosine in the treatment of a disease associated with Treg deficiency or Treg dysfunction, in particular immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome (IPEX). In one embodiment of the invention, the inosine can be provided in the form of a bacterial strain that is capable of stimulating the production of inosine. Methods for stimulating the production of inosine in a subject using said strains are also provided, as are methods for the selection of a bacterial strain capable of stimulating inosine production in a subject.

Abstract: Disclosed are formulations for the treatment of cancer including inosine or a related compound in combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor including but not limited to immune checkpoint inhibitor binding agents (including anti-CTLA4, anti-PD1, anti-LAG-3, anti-TIM-3, anti-TIGIT, anti-CD47, anti-VISTA, and anti-PD-L1), and optionally also including a reinforcing agent to boost immune response, including CAR-T, CAR-NK, tumor vaccine, oncolytic virus vaccine, TLR7/8 agonist, anti-CD47 or IL-2 receptor agonist, and optionally also including other pharmacologically immune-boosting active agents.